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Understanding Acid Peptic Disease: Symptoms Causes and Treatments
Acid Peptic Disease (APD) encompasses conditions caused by an imbalance between acid secretion and gastric mucosal defenses. This imbalance can lead to:
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Stress-related mucosal injury
The imbalance results from either excessive acid secretion or reduced gastric mucosal defense. Due to damage from acid and peptic activity in gastric secretions, acid-peptic diseases are also known as acid-peptic disorders.
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Get A Second OpinionWhat Causes Acid Peptic Disease?
Common causes of Acid Peptic Disorder (APD) include;
- Helicobacter pylori : Infection accounts for 60-90% of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
- NSAIDs : Medications like aspirin and diclofenac inhibit prostaglandin production, which protects the stomach lining, leading to ulcers.
- Alcohol and Smoking : Both can significantly increase acid production.
- Steroids and Other Medications : Drugs such as corticosteroids, niacin, and some chemotherapy agents can exacerbate or cause ulcers.
- Blood Group O : Individuals with this blood group O will have a higher risk of developing stomach ulcers.
- Heredity : A family history of peptic ulcer diseases increases risk, particularly for duodenal ulcers.
- Diet : Low-fiber diets, caffeinated drinks, and fatty foods are linked to peptic ulcers.
- Stress : Associated with peptic ulcers and Cushing's ulcer.
- Diseases : Conditions like chronic liver, lung, and kidney diseases, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, and endocrine disorders such as hyperparathyroidism predispose to peptic ulcers.
What are the Symptoms of Acid Peptic Disease?
Here are the common symptoms of APD. Severe conditions of the below symptoms require immediate consultation with a physician.
- Heartburn
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Water brash
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Blood in stool
- Gastric outlet obstruction
- Ulcer bleeding and perforation
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Book an AppointmentTreatment for Acid Peptic Disease
Consult a physician for the best treatment options. Common treatments include:
- Antacids : These provide quick relief by neutralizing acids inside the stomach, alleviating indigestion and heartburn.
- Receptor Blockers : These help in reducing acid secretion in the stomach lining. And are more effective than antacids.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors : Stop stomach acid secretion.
- Eradication of H. pylori : Antibiotics combined with a proton pump inhibitor or bismuth compound can achieve high eradication rates.
- Surgery : Required if medications are ineffective or in cases of complications.
It is recommended that those with APD have a healthy, balanced diet. The diet and lifestyle modifications below can help ease symptoms, aid healing, and prevent ulcer formation.
- Avoiding alcohol & tobacco
- Spicy & oily foods
- Aspirin and other NSAID medications
How to Prevent Acid Peptic Disease (APD)
To lower your risk of peptic ulcers:
- Detect and Eradicate H. pylori : Most people with an H. pylori infection are unaware. A urea breath test can detect it, and proactive treatment can prevent issues. Retesting is advisable if previously treated.
- Use NSAIDs as Directed : Avoid exceeding recommended doses. If you have had peptic ulcer disease, avoid NSAIDs or take them with medication to protect the stomach lining.
Frequently Asked Questions
Acid peptic disease includes conditions like peptic ulcers and gastritis, caused by stomach acid and pepsin damaging the stomach and duodenum lining.
Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, belching, nausea & vomiting, loss of appetite, unexpected weight loss, and severe cases may involve vomiting blood or black stools.
Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, endoscopy, tests for Helicobacter pylori, and sometimes imaging studies like a barium swallow.
Treatment includes acid-reducing medications (PPIs, H2-receptor antagonists), antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori, antacids, dietary changes, avoiding NSAIDs, and sometimes surgery.
Yes, particularly if caused by Helicobacter pylori, which can be eradicated with antibiotics. Long-term management involves lifestyle changes.
Yes, APD has dietary restrictions, such as avoiding fatty and acidic foods, limiting caffeine and alcohol, eating smaller, frequent meals, and avoiding late-night eating.
APD has complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, and an increased risk of gastric cancer.
Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, avoiding NSAIDs, managing stress, and following a healthy diet tailored to help manage APD.
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