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A Complete Guide to Dyslipidemia: Symptoms and Treatment
What Is Dyslipidemia?
Dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition characterised by unusually high or low levels of any or all lipids (fats, triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids) or lipoproteins in the bloodstream. Dyslipidemia increases the chance of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for ASCVD. The majority of dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias, which are defined as an increase in lipid levels in the blood. This is frequently attributed to nutrition and lifestyle. Prolonged insulin resistance might also cause dyslipidemia. Similarly, elevated levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can cause dyslipidemia.
Types of Dyslipidemia:
TYPES OF DYSLIPIDEMIA:
Dyslipidemia is classified into primary and secondary forms. Primary dyslipidemia is inherited. Secondary dyslipidemia is an acquired disorder. That is, it results from other factors, such as obesity or diabetes.
The cause of primary dyslipidemia could be genetic factors. Primary dyslipidemia is classified into several kinds, including:
- Familial combination hyperlipidemia. This is the most prevalent hereditary cause of elevated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. If you have familial mixed hyperlipidemia, you may experience these issues in your teens or twenties. You are also more likely to develop early coronary artery disease, which can cause a heart attack.
- There are two types of hypercholesterolemia: familial and polygenic. Both are associated with high total cholesterol. To determine your total cholesterol, add your LDL and HDL values and half of your triglyceride level. An optimal total cholesterol level is less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
- Familial hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. This condition indicates you have high levels of apolipoprotein B, a protein found in LDL cholesterol.
- Secondary dyslipidemia is caused by lifestyle choices or medical disorders that affect blood lipid levels over time.
- Secondary dyslipidemia is commonly caused by the following:
- Obesity
- Cushing's Syndrome
- hypothyroidism
- Alcohol Use Disorder
- Abdominal aortic aneurysms.
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Inflammatory bowel illness (IBS)
- serious infections, including HIV
- excessive consumption of lipids
Hyperlipoproteinemia may be primary or secondary. If you have this illness, your body has difficulties breaking down LDL cholesterol and triglyceride.
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Get A Second OpinionWhat Are the Symptoms of Dyslipidemia?
The majority of people who have dyslipidemia are unaware that they have the condition unless it is severe. During a regular blood test or a test for another condition, a physician will typically provide a diagnosis of dyslipidemia.
Severe or untreated dyslipidemia can lead to further complications, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Both CAD and PAD can result in significant health issues, such as heart attacks and strokes. Common signs of these conditions are:
- Leg pain, particularly during walking or standing, and chest ache.
- Cold sweats
- Vomiting
- shortness of breath
- pain in the neck, jaw, shoulders, and back
- indigestion and heartburn.
- Sleep issues and afternoon tiredness.
- dizziness
- Heart palpitations.
- Nausea
- oedema in legs, ankles, feet, stomach, and neck veins
- fainting.
fainting.Treatment for Dyslipidemia
Doctors typically focus on lowering triglycerides and LDL levels, with treatment options varying based on dyslipidemia severity. High cholesterol is generally treated with statins, which inhibit liver cholesterol formation. If statins don't lower LDL and triglyceride levels, additional drugs may be prescribed.
- niacin
- fibrates
- evolocumab and alirocumab
- lomitapide and mipomersen
- ezetimibe
- PCSK9 inhibitors
Lifestyle adjustments may help you reduce your cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
- The first step is to adjust your diet. Changes should include eating less saturated fat, processed sugar, and alcohol. Consuming more fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains may help. Check out these 13 cholesterol-lowering items to incorporate into your diet.
- Daily exercise and weight loss also help you improve your cholesterol levels.
- Discontinuing smoking and other tobacco products.
- To improve health, try avoiding prolonged sitting.
- Avoid consuming polyunsaturated fats from nuts, seeds, legumes, fish, whole grains, and olive oil.
- Consume lots of dietary fibre from whole fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Get adequate sleep
Secure your health with a second opinion. Make informed decisions and book your appointment today!
Book an AppointmentFrequently Asked Questions
Dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition characterised by unusually high or low levels of any or all lipids (fats, triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids) or lipoproteins in the bloodstream.
Dyslipidemia can be caused by various factors, including an unhealthy diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol, sedentary behaviour, obesity, heredity (such as familial hypercholesterolemia), diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, certain drugs, and underlying medical disorders. These causes can lead to high cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.
This condition can be caused by food, tobacco use, or genetics, and it can progress to cardiovascular disease with serious repercussions.
Dyslipidemia primarily affects the Cardiovascular system. Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels can lead to atherosclerosis, artery narrowing, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, while dyslipidemia can also harm the liver, pancreas, and eyes.
A lipid profile blood test helps diagnose dyslipidemia. The profile includes total cholesterol (TC), TGs, HDL-C, and LDL-C; these results are used to calculate LDL-C and VLDL-C.
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