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3.5 Minute

20-July-2024 Team Medicover Gastroenterology

What is Gallbladder Pain?

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located on the right side of the abdomen, just beneath the liver. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid that is released into the small intestine.

Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball in size.
Some people develop one gallstone at a time, while others develop several gallstones at the same time.
Gallstones that cause symptoms usually necessitate gallbladder removal surgery.
Gallstones that do not cause any symptoms usually do not require treatment.

What are the Causes of Gallbladder Pain

The major gallbladder problems that produce gallbladder pain are:

Biliary colic
Cholecystitis
Gallstones
Pancreatitis
Ascending cholangitis

Two Major Sources of Gallbladder Pain

Pain originating from or involving the gallbladder.
Blockage of ducts by gallstones.

1. Pain Originating from Gallbladder

Gallstone sludge or inflammation causing irritation or infection
Partial or complete duct obstruction leading to pressure and ischemia in adjacent tissues

2. Blockage of Ducts by Gallstones

Usually, in the gallbladder, it can form in ducts.
Compressed gallbladder normally allows bile to flow through ducts into the GI tract.

What Are the Symptoms of Gallbladder Pain?

Gallbladder pain may vary or feel different depending on the cause. Many people with gallstones never experience pain. However, some variations in gallbladder pain help the doctor to make a diagnosis.

Biliary Colic

It occurs when there is Sudden and rapidly increasing pain (ache or pressure) in the right upper abdomen or epigastric area.
Some people will have pain radiating to the right shoulder (or back pain in the tip of the scapula) and/or also develop nausea and vomiting.
The pain usually gets in about 1 to 5 hours, although a mild ache can also persist.

Cholecystitis

Severe steady pain in the right upper abdomen that may radiate to the right shoulder or back, abdominal tenderness.
When touched or pressed, sweating, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and bloating; discomfort lasts longer than with biliary colic.

Acalculous Cholecystitis (No Gallstones)

Acalculous Cholecystitis is the complication of other problems such as trauma or burns. Patients have severe symptoms and appear very ill.

Pancreatitis

Gallstones from the gallbladder can block the pancreatic duct and cause pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) with upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, tender abdomen, more pain after eating, nausea and vomiting.

Ascending Cholangitis

It can cause fever, abdominal pain, jaundice and even hypotension (low blood pressure), and confusion; it is a medical emergency.

What Are the Treatments for Gallbladder Pain?

If you have no gallbladder pain (even if you have gallstones but never had pain), you need no treatment. Some of the patients who had one or two attacks may elect to avoid treatment. Pain during an acute attack is often treated with morphine.

Medical Treatments Include

Oral bile salt therapy (50% effective)
Ursodiol (Actigall, for example)
Dissolution
Lithotripsy (shock waves)

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What Are the Complications of Gallbladder Pain?

The complications of gallbladder pain include discomfort with eating, poor food intake, weight loss, electrolyte abnormalities, consumption of pain medications, and disruption of daily activities.

Complications of Gallbladder Include

Bile duct blockage
Serious infections (empyema and gangrene of the gallbladder)
Pancreatitis
Peritonitis
Infrequently cancer

Conclusion

Understanding gallbladder pain is crucial as it can stem from various conditions like gallstones or infections. Treatment options vary from managing symptoms to surgical intervention, ensuring effective care for those affected by this often painful condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

Gallbladder pain is typically characterized by a sharp or dull ache in the upper abdomen, often on the right side. This pain may radiate to the back or shoulder blades. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and discomfort after consuming fatty foods. Seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe pain.

Gallbladder stones, also known as gallstones, form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile. Excess cholesterol or bilirubin can lead to the formation of stones, which can cause blockages in the bile ducts or the gallbladder itself, resulting in pain and other symptoms. Treatment may involve medication or surgical removal of the gallbladder in severe cases.

Gallbladder infection, known as cholecystitis, presents with symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, fever, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Prompt medical attention is crucial to manage gallbladder infections and prevent complications.

Gallbladder ache is often experienced as a persistent discomfort or sharp pain in the upper abdomen, especially after consuming fatty or greasy foods. This discomfort may worsen over time and may be accompanied by symptoms like indigestion, gas, and bloating. If you have recurrent or severe gallbladder pain, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Treatment for gallbladder pain depends on the underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed with dietary modifications, such as a low-fat diet and pain relief medications. However, if gallstones or other conditions are causing significant pain or complications, surgical intervention, such as a cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), may be necessary.

While mild gallbladder pain can sometimes be alleviated at home with rest, over-the-counter pain medications, and dietary adjustments, it's essential to seek medical evaluation for persistent or severe pain. Home remedies should not replace professional medical advice, especially if symptoms worsen or additional symptoms develop.

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