How to check for fibroids at home

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. While they are generally benign, fibroids can cause a range of symptoms that impact a woman's quality of life.

Understanding how to identify these symptoms at home can be crucial for early diagnosis and management. This article will guide you through the process of recognizing potential fibroid symptoms and suggest steps you can take to perform a self-examination.

Understanding Fibroids

Fibroids are composed of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size from microscopic to several inches in diameter. They may grow as a single mass or in clusters, and their growth can be influenced by hormonal changes, particularly estrogen and progesterone.

Common Symptoms of Fibroids

Understanding the symptoms associated with fibroids is the first step in recognizing them. Some common symptoms include:

• Pelvic pressure and discomfort: Fibroids can cause a feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen.
• Frequent urination symptoms: Larger fibroids may press on the bladder, leading to a need to urinate more frequently.
• Abdominal bloating symptoms: An enlarged uterus due to fibroids can cause visible swelling or bloating.
• Prolonged periods of bleeding: Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding is a common sign of fibroids.
• Lower back pain causes: Fibroids can cause pain that radiates to the lower back or legs.
• Heavy menstrual bleeding signs: Menstrual periods that are unusually heavy or prolonged.
• Unexplained fatigue: Heavy bleeding can lead to anaemia, resulting in fatigue and weakness.
• Irregular menstruation patterns: Menstrual cycles that are shorter or longer than usual.

Self-Examination for Fibroids

While a definitive diagnosis of fibroids requires medical imaging, such as an ultrasound or MRI, there are several steps you can take at home to assess your symptoms and perform an essential self-examination.

Step 1: Track Your Menstrual Cycle

Keeping a detailed record of your menstrual cycle can help identify irregularities that may suggest the presence of fibroids. Note the following:

• Cycle length: Count the number of days from the first day of your period to the first day of your next period.
• Bleeding duration: Record how many days you bleed during each cycle.
• Bleeding intensity: Note whether your bleeding is light, moderate, or heavy and if you experience any clotting.

Step 2: Monitor Symptoms

Keep a daily log of any symptoms you experience, including pelvic pressure, frequent urination, bloating, lower back pain, and fatigue. Pay attention to any patterns or changes in symptom severity.

Step 3: Perform a Physical Examination

A self-examination can help you identify any unusual changes in your abdomen. Follow these steps:

• Lie Down: Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor.
• Palpate the Abdomen: Use the pads of your fingers to press gently on your lower abdomen. Start from the outer edges and move towards the centre, feeling for any lumps or areas of tenderness.
• Check for Swelling: Note any areas that feel swollen or firm to the touch. Pay close attention to the area just above the pubic bone.

Step 4: Evaluate Urinary Symptoms

Frequent urination can be a sign of fibroids pressing on the bladder. To evaluate this symptom:

• Track Urination Frequency: Keep a diary of how often you urinate during the day and night.
• Assess Urgency: Note if you feel a sudden, strong urge to urinate or if you have difficulty emptying your bladder.

Step 5: Assess Menstrual Bleeding

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding is a common symptom of fibroids. To assess your bleeding:

• Use a Menstrual Cup: Menstrual cups can help you measure the volume of blood loss more accurately than pads or tampons.
• Track Clotting: Note the size and frequency of any blood clots during your period.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly:

• Severe pelvic pain or pressure
• Extremely heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Significant changes in your menstrual cycle
• Persistent lower back pain
• Unexplained fatigue or weakness

A healthcare professional can perform a thorough evaluation, including a pelvic examination and imaging tests, to diagnose fibroids and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Treatment Options for Fibroids

Treatment for fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and your overall health. Some standard treatment options include:

Medications

• Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or other hormonal treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding.
• GnRH Agonists: These medications can shrink fibroids by lowering estrogen levels.
• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.

Non-Surgical Procedures

• Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): This procedure blocks the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Guided Focused Ultrasound: This non-invasive procedure uses high-intensity ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.

Surgical Options

• Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus.
• Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, which is a permanent solution for fibroids but eliminates the possibility of future pregnancies.

Conclusion

Recognizing the symptoms of fibroids and performing a self-examination at home can be an essential first step in managing your health. While these steps can help identify potential issues, it is crucial to seek medical attention for a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment. By staying informed and proactive about your health, you can better manage the symptoms of fibroids and improve your quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions