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What is Recurrent Miscarriage: Causes & Successful Pregnancy
Many pregnancy conceptions are generally abnormal and end in miscarriage. It is the most common complication of pregnancy. Recurrent miscarriage, the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies, affects almost 1% of couples trying to conceive. It is usually associated with psychological stress and is often proved to be frustrating for both couples and fertility experts.
What Is Recurrent Miscarriage?
Miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Usually, almost 15% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, and most miscarriages occur within the first 12 weeks of gestation.
What are The Recurrent Miscarriage Causes?
According to various research and studies, the majority of miscarriages occur due to several factors. The patient may or may not have any prior symptoms. However, severe cramps or bleeding during pregnancy might be some of the associated symptoms.
Some of the factors responsible for Recurrent Miscarriages are:
- Genetic Factors or Chromosomal Abnormalities:
- It has been estimated that approximately 2 – 4% of recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with genetic factors.
- In a small group of people, these defects, if passed down in the sperm or egg, affect the embryo quality, leading to pregnancy loss.
- Anatomic Factors:
- Anatomic abnormalities account for 10 – 15% of the cases of spontaneous miscarriages.
- It interrupts the endometrium, prompting the inadequate and abnormal formation of the placenta.
- Such abnormalities include fibroids, septum, polyps, scar tissue or adhesions in the uterus, etc.
- Immunological Factors: According to studies, approximately 20% of pregnancy losses are associated with immune etiologies, including autoimmune and cellular immune abnormalities.
- Endocrine/Hormonal Factors:
- It is estimated that around 17 – 20% of all pregnancy losses are a result of endocrine factors.
- Several abnormalities, such as thyroid disease, uncontrolled diabetes, decreased ovarian reserve, progesterone, or any immunological issues, have been implicated as the factors responsible for recurrent pregnancy losses.
- Cervical Weakness:
- The incompetent cervix, also called cervical weakness, commonly causes pregnancy loss in the second trimester.
- In women with cervical insufficiency, the recurrence rate is comparatively high.
- Unexplained Factors: According to the studies, only 50% of the causes of recurrent miscarriages are identified, and the rest 50% remains unidentified and unexplained.
Moreover, some other repeated miscarriages causes include:
- Advancing maternal age: As a woman crosses 35 years of age, there is a significant increase in the risk of miscarriage, which might be due to a deterioration in the egg quality. Poor quality egg, if fertilised, increases the risk of miscarriage.
- Excessive Coffee Consumption: Reports from various studies suggest that increased coffee consumption in women might lead to miscarriages.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking is reported to be associated with recurrent miscarriages. It is also found that drinking alcohol more than three units per week increases the related risk of spontaneous miscarriages.
In the case of Recurrent Miscarriage, a couple is required to contact a recurrent miscarriage clinic and seek assistance from a recurrent miscarriage specialist. It is also important to understand that despite these conditions, there is still a good chance of couples falling pregnant and getting their babies.
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Book an AppointmentHow Are Recurrent Miscarriage Investigations Done?
- A woman suffering from recurrent missed miscarriages is required to undergo a complete physical examination, including blood tests, imaging tests, etc., to help detect the probable cause of recurrent miscarriage. It helps in providing absolute treatment.
- Recurrent miscarriage diagnosis is segregated based on the nature of its cause:
- A test called parental karyotyping is done to diagnose genetic or chromosomal abnormalities.
- The evaluation of anatomic abnormalities includes hysteroscopy or hysterosalpingography (HSG) test. 3D ultrasound is also very common today.
- Diagnosis of immunological factors includes a blood test to check anticardiolipin antibody levels (Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M), as well as a lupus anticoagulant if required.
- Endocrine disorders in the case of recurrent miscarriages are diagnosed by TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormones) tests. Other tests include insulin resistance testing, ovarian reserve testing, serum prolactin in case of irregular menses, antithyroid antibody testing and very rarely, luteal phase endometrial biopsy.
Diagnosis Tests For The Investigation of Recurrent Miscarriage Causes:
| Recurrent Miscarriage Causes | Diagnosis |
|---|---|
| Genetic | Parental Karyotype |
| Anatomic | HSG TEST |
| Autoimmune | Anticardiolipin Antibody Levels or Lupus Anticoagulant |
| Endocrine | TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormones) Tests |
Recurrent Miscarriage Treatment
If a couple is suffering from two or more miscarriages, they should talk to their healthcare provider or consult a fertility expert for proper guidance. Women often decide to continue trying to get pregnant naturally. However, couples need to seek proper assistance for the correct diagnosis of the cause and proper treatment to help reduce the risk of recurrent miscarriages.
Recurrent Miscarriage Treatment may include:
Surgery
- Surgeries can fix problems in the uterus, such as extra tissues that divide the uterus, fibroids, or scar tissue.
- Correcting the shape of the inside of the uterus can often lower the chance of miscarriage.
Use of Blood-thinning Medications such as Heparin and Aspirin
Women diagnosed with autoimmune or clotting problems may be treated with low-dose aspirin or heparin.
Progesterone
Several studies and research suggest that the use of progesterone medications or supplements, which are essential hormones for maintaining pregnancy, may reduce the risk of miscarriages in women.
IVF with PGT or Donor Egg
In-vitro fertilisation, also known as IVF, is also one of the treatment options available for repeated miscarriages, as it is mostly caused either by the chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo or by certain other factors that affect infertility.
Overcoming Recurrent Miscarriage with IVF at Medicover Fertility
- The fertility experts at first tend to remove any existing chromosomal abnormalities, immunological disorders, endocrinological abnormalities, and infective or hormonal imbalances before carrying out the IVF procedure by performing laparoscopic surgeries or other treatment methods.
- Even in the case of anatomical problems like polyps, fibroids, adhesions and septums, surgical corrections are done before carrying out the IVF procedure.
- IVF is a process in which the fertilisation takes place outside the body. Once the eggs and sperm are collected, they are fertilised in the lab, and with the help of pre-implantation genetic screening, a good-quality embryo is selected to transfer to the uterus. This helps in the selection of a good-quality sperm and egg, develops a quality embryo, and reduces the chances of miscarriage.
- Making healthy lifestyle choices: It includes stopping cigarette smoking or illicit drug use, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake and maintaining a healthy weight, which may also lower the risk for recurrent miscarriage. Women who have chronic health conditions like diabetes, hormonal imbalance, and the thyroid can benefit by treating them.
- Recurrent Miscarriage Successful Pregnancy – Medicover Fertility
- After four miscarriages, several medications and prenatal care, I was almost broken. It was then that a friend of mine suggested I get a consultation at Medicover Fertility. After a thorough investigation, we decided to visit the clinic.
- After a few tests, it was diagnosed that we were facing some genetic abnormalities. The doctor suggested we go for IVF. Our decisions couldn’t be any better.
- It was because of Medicover that we became parents. I am thankful to the entire team for such care and support and also for making us believe in the possibilities.
Conclusion
In case a woman experiences recurrent miscarriages, especially due to genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, and wants to try again, then visiting a good fertility centre is recommended.
One such international fertility chain, Medicover Fertility, with its European standards, clinical expertise, state-of-the-art laboratory and advanced technology has helped a lot of women facing spontaneous miscarriages. There are many cases where It has been successful in the Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage.
The advanced technology treatment at Medicover Fertility has helped overcome issues that are often faced in recurrent miscarriages. If you wish to contact Medicover Fertility for recurrent miscarriage consultation or treatment, dial +917862800700.
Frequently Asked Questions
The most common reason for recurrent miscarriage is chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, accounting for about 50-60% of cases. Other factors include uterine abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, autoimmune disorders, and lifestyle factors like smoking or advanced maternal age.
To prevent recurrent miscarriages, a fertility must follow a healthy lifestyle and eating habits. It should also be noted that before planning the next pregnancy, a thorough check-up with a good clinician is required.
Miscarriages are stressful. However, to stay positive, a fertility must believe in herself and do whatever it takes to diagnose and treat the cause as early as possible. One must also believe that even after 3 miscarriages, there is an increased chance that you can successfully carry a pregnancy.
After recurrent miscarriages, a couple must visit a recurrent miscarriage specialist for proper consultation and treatment. The treatment may include a range of options like medications, surgery, use of some procedures such as IVF, etc.
The most common causes include factors such as genetic, immunological, anatomical, endocrinological, environmental, etc.
Although miscarriages are not a sign of infertility, repeated miscarriages may result in fertility issues.
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