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Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Over the past few years, there has been a discernible uptick in the prevalence of skin cancers, with a specific focus on basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These two types of skin cancer are known for their potential to cause significant harm if not detected and treated early. Among the variations of these cancers, squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, also known as ocular SCC and basso-squamous carcinoma, has gained attention due to its unique characteristics and challenges.
Understanding Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Basal cell carcinoma stands as the most prevalent type of skin cancer, typically originating on sun-exposed regions like the face and neck. It is often characterized by slow growth and a tendency not to spread to distant parts of the body. However, if left untreated, BCC can invade surrounding tissues, leading to disfigurement and functional impairment.
The Emergence of Baso-Squamous Carcinoma
A less commonly discussed variant is basso-squamous carcinoma, which possesses characteristics of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas. This aggressive subtype presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its potential for faster growth and more aggressive behaviour compared to traditional BCCs. The emergence of basso-squamous carcinoma adds complexity to the understanding and management of skin cancers.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid
When it comes to squamous cell carcinoma, the focus on eyelid malignancies has intensified. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid poses a unique set of challenges due to the delicate nature of the eye and its proximity to critical structures. This form of SCC often presents as a scaly or ulcerated growth that doesn't heal, and it can be mistaken for other benign conditions. Early detection is crucial to prevent cancer from affecting vision or spreading to other areas.
Contributing Factors and Risk Factors
The surge in these skin cancers can be linked to a blend of factors, encompassing heightened sun exposure, shifts in lifestyle behaviours, and the ageing of the population at large. The primary risk factor for both BCC and SCC is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This underscores the significance of implementing sun protection strategies, including the use of sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and minimizing prolonged sun exposure, particularly during peak hours.
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Get A Second OpinionEarly Detection and Prevention
Regular skin self-examinations and annual visits to dermatologists are crucial for early detection. Any alterations in the size, form, colour, or texture of moles, lesions, or growths should be promptly assessed. Dermatologists can conduct thorough skin examinations and recommend biopsies if necessary.
Prevention strategies include:
- Sun Protection : Apply sunscreen that offers broad-spectrum protection and has an SPF of at least 30, put on protective clothing, and find shaded areas when available.
- Avoid Tanning : Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps, as they emit harmful UV radiation.
- Healthy Lifestyle : Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking.
- Regular Check-ups : Stay proactive with regular skin checks by medical professionals.
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Book an AppointmentFrequently Asked Questions
BCC and SCC stand out as the most common types of skin cancer. BCC finds its origins within the basal cells of the outermost layer of the skin, whereas SCC emerges from the squamous cells. Both of these conditions usually stem from extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can originate from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds.
BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a sore that doesn't heal, a reddish patch, or a scar-like area. SCC may present as a scaly, crusted growth, a persistent sore, a raised bump with a central depression, or a wart-like growth.
While BCC and SCC are less likely to spread to other parts of the body compared to some other cancers, they can cause significant damage if left untreated. BCC can invade surrounding tissues, leading to disfigurement, and SCC has the potential to metastasize to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs.
UV radiation exposure is the primary risk factor for both BCC and SCC. Other factors include fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, a history of skin cancer, and exposure to environmental toxins.
Yes, practicing sun safety is crucial. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen, wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and wide-brimmed hats, and avoid tanning beds. Regular self-examinations and professional skin checks can aid in early detection.
Diagnosis involves a skin examination by a dermatologist. If a suspicious lesion is identified, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment depends on factors like cancer type, location, size, and the patient's health. Options include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, topical medications, and, in advanced cases, targeted therapies or immunotherapy.
Recurrence is possible, particularly if the initial treatment was not completely successful or if the patient continues to be exposed to risk factors like UV radiation.
Early detection significantly improves the prognosis for BCC and SCC. When caught early, these cancers are highly treatable and less likely to cause complications.
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