Understanding Salivary Duct Stones: Causes and Symptoms

Salivary duct stones, also known as salivary duct calculus, are calcified structures that form inside the salivary glands or ducts. These stones can block the flow of saliva into the mouth and are a common cause of salivary duct blockages, especially in middle-aged adults. If you suspect you have salivary duct stones, consult a gastroenterologist for a second opinion.

Symptoms

The symptoms of salivary duct stones can include:

• Pain in the face, mouth, or neck, often worsening before or during meals.
• Tenderness and swelling in these areas.
• Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth.
• Fever, a foul taste in the mouth, and redness if a bacterial infection occurs due to stagnant saliva.

Causes

Salivary duct stones form when substances like calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate in saliva crystallize. These stones can vary in size from a few millimeters to over two centimeters. The exact cause of stone formation is unknown, but several factors can increase the risk, including:

• Medications like blood pressure drugs and antihistamines, which reduce saliva production.
• Dehydration, making saliva more concentrated.
• Inadequate food intake, leading to decreased saliva production.

Where Do Salivary Duct Stones Occur

Salivary duct stones most commonly occur in the ducts connected to the submandibular glands, located on both sides of the jaw at the back of the mouth. They can also form in the ducts connected to the parotid glands, located on each side of the face in front of the ears. Stones can vary in number and size, with about 25% of people developing multiple stones.

Diagnosis

To diagnose salivary duct stones, a dentist will:

• Examine the head and neck for swollen salivary glands and stones.
• Order imaging tests for a more precise diagnosis. These may include an X-ray, ultrasound, or a CT scan of the face.

Treatment and Home Remedies

If you're wondering how to remove salivary duct stones at home, some methods include:

• Sucking on sugar-free lemon drops.
• Drinking plenty of water.

Medical Treatments

For stones that cannot be removed at home: A dentist may manually push the stone out by applying pressure on both sides of the duct or use methods to dissolve the stone in the salivary duct. Large or deeply lodged stones may require surgical removal.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) can be used to break the stone into smaller pieces using high-energy sound waves, making it easier to pass through the duct. ESWL is commonly used for stones in various parts of the body, such as the kidneys or bladder. The procedure is usually performed under sedation or general anesthesia.

Frequently Asked Questions