What is an Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test
An Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) test is a blood test that checks for antinuclear antibodies in the blood. Antinuclear antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that attack healthy cells, particularly the nucleus (center) of those cells.
While some antinuclear antibodies in the blood are normal, elevated levels can indicate an autoimmune condition, where the immune system mistakenly targets the body's tissues and organs, potentially leading to significant health issues.
Alternative Names for ANA Test
- ANA profile test
- ANA screening test
What is the Use of the Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test
The Antinuclear Antibody test is used to aid in diagnosing various autoimmune diseases, such as:
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A chronic illness affecting the joints, skin, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: A joint disorder causing discomfort and swelling in the hands, wrists, and feet.
- Scleroderma: A rare disease that affects the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs.
- Sjogren's Syndrome: A condition that affects the tear and saliva glands.
- Addison's Disease: A disorder affecting the adrenal glands, causing fatigue and weakness.
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: A condition that causes inflammation of the liver.
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Get A Second OpinionWhy Do I Require an ANA Test
An ANA profile test is often required if your doctor suspects an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms of these conditions can vary based on the part of the body affected, and may include:
- Fever
- Rashes or skin blisters
- Changes in skin color
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
How Does the ANA Test Work
A healthcare professional will use a small needle to draw blood from a vein in your arm for the ANA screening test. The procedure usually takes about five minutes and causes minimal discomfort.
How to Prepare for the ANA Test
The ANA test requires no special preparation. Your doctor may inform you if fasting is necessary for any related tests, but generally, no fasting is needed.
Is There Any Risk in the ANA Test
A blood test poses little to no risk. Some people might experience slight discomfort or bruising where the needle was inserted, but this typically goes away quickly.
What Do the ANA Test Results Mean
The results of the test alone cannot diagnose a specific condition. Your healthcare provider will use the results, along with other tests, to make a final diagnosis.
ANA Test Normal Range:
- Negative result: Indicates no antinuclear antibodies were detected in the blood, lowering the likelihood of an autoimmune disorder. However, it doesn't entirely rule out the possibility of having one.
- Positive result: Indicates the presence of antinuclear antibodies, suggesting the possibility of:
- Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Another autoimmune disorder
- A health condition such as cancer or a viral infection (in these cases, the antibodies may be temporary).
If the ANA test results are positive, additional tests will likely be needed to make a definitive diagnosis.
ANA Test Positive Symptoms
A positive Antinuclear Antibody test may be associated with various symptoms, depending on the underlying autoimmune disease. Common ANA test positive symptoms include:
- Joint pain and swelling (especially in Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis)
- Skin rashes or blisters
- Fatigue and muscle aches
- Dry mouth and eyes (seen in Sjogren's syndrome)
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Book an AppointmentImportant Information About the ANA Test
- ANA Test Price: The cost of an Antinuclear Antibody test varies depending on your location, healthcare provider, and whether additional tests are required.
- ANA Test Normal Range: The test's normal range typically shows a negative result, meaning no antinuclear antibodies were detected.
- ANA Test Positive Symptoms: Symptoms associated with a positive ANA test result depend on the underlying condition and may include fatigue, muscle aches, joint pain, and rashes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the full form of the ANA test?
The full form of ANA test is Antinuclear Antibody Test.
What is an ANA test?
An ANA test is a blood test used to detect antinuclear antibodies, which can indicate autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and more.
What does it mean if the ANA test is negative?
A negative ANA test means no antinuclear antibodies were found in your blood, making it less likely you have an autoimmune disorder.
Why is the ANA test done?
The ANA test is done to help diagnose autoimmune diseases, especially when symptoms like fatigue, joint pain and skin issues are present.
What does a positive ANA indicate?
A positive ANA test, in most situations, shows that your immune system has started an unintentional attack on your tissues, often known as an autoimmune response, and you have an autoimmune disease.
What is the cost of an ANA test?
The cost of an Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test in India varies depending on the city. The usual price is between Rs.500 and Rs.800.
When should I take the ANA Test?
You should take an ANA test when your doctor suspects that you have symptoms of an autoimmune disorder.
