What is the Coombs Test?
A Coombs test examines the blood for antibodies that can damage the red blood cells. Antibodies play an essential role in the immune system. They fight off antigens (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) to keep you healthy. Yet antibodies can sometimes damage normal, healthy cells by mistake.
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Get A Second OpinionWhat is the Purpose of the Coombs Test?
First, it's essential to recognize two Coombs tests: direct and indirect.
- The direct Coombs test (also known as a direct antiglobulin test) examines the red blood cells to check if they have antibodies attached to them. It is frequently used to diagnose blood-related disorders such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Individuals who suffer from autoimmune hemolytic anemia do not have enough red blood cells because their bodies destroy them too quickly.
- The indirect Coombs test shows the doctor if antibodies in the circulation can attach to red blood cells. It is used to determine how you will react to a blood transfusion. In addition, an indirect Coombs test is commonly given as part of prenatal testing.
How should I Prepare for a Coombs Test?
In general, no specific preparation is required for a Coombs test. However, it would help if you informed your healthcare provider of any medications, supplements, or herbal remedies, as these may interfere with the test results.
- It is also essential to let your healthcare provider know if you have had a blood transfusion in the past, as this may affect the test results.
- One may be asked to fast for a specific time before the test. In this case, the healthcare provider will provide you with specific instructions regarding fasting.
- It is also essential to let your healthcare provider know if you have a history of bleeding or bruising easily or if you are taking any medications that affect blood clotting, as the Coombs test involves drawing blood.
- It is recommended to wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to the arm for a blood draw during the test.
What Can I Expect During the Coombs Test?
The healthcare provider draws a blood sample from a vein in the arm or hand using a tiny needle. After the sample is taken, it is submitted to a lab for analysis. The provider applies a bandage to the site where the needle was inserted. After 10 to 20 minutes, the bandage can be removed.
When should I Expect to Receive the Coombs Test Results?
In most cases, the test results will be available within 24 hours.
What does a Positive Coombs Test Mean?
A positive (abnormal) Coombs test indicates the presence of antibodies capable of attacking red blood cells. Several conditions can cause this, including:
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Lupus
- An adverse reaction to a blood transfusion
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Syphilis
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Mycoplasma infection
When should I Call my Healthcare Provider?
Call the physician immediately if you experience any hemolytic anemia symptoms like jaundice, weakness, lightheadedness, or confusion. They can conduct an examination and do tests to choose the best course of action.
Note- Coombs Test costs in India at different locations may vary
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Book an AppointmentFrequently Asked Questions
The frequency of Coombs testing will depend on the medical condition and the healthcare provider's recommendations.
A blood sample must be drawn for a Coombs test, which could result in some minor pain or bruising where the needle was inserted.
The Coombs test is generally considered to be a highly accurate test for detecting the presence of antibodies in red blood cells. However, false-positive and false-negative results can occur, so the test should always be interpreted with other diagnostic tests and clinical findings.
No, a Coombs test cannot be done at home. It requires specialized equipment and must be performed in a laboratory by trained professionals.
The direct Coombs test detects antibodies already bound to red blood cells in the body, while the indirect Coombs test detects free-floating antibodies in the blood.
Yes, certain medications can interfere with the results of a Coombs test, so you may be asked to stop taking them before the test is performed.
A positive Coombs test indicates the presence of antibodies on red blood cells, which various conditions, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and medications, can cause.
Yes, a Coombs test can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for conditions such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Yes, a Coombs test is commonly done on newborns to screen for hemolytic disease of the newborn.
The cost of the Coombs test is approximately Rs. 800.
