What is a Hysterosalpingography (HSG) Test?
The hysterosalpingogram (HSG) test is a diagnostic test that utilizes X-ray imaging and a specialized dye to detect fertility-related issues.
- The process aims to assess possible obstacles that may impede pregnancy, like obstructions in the fallopian tubes or an abnormally shaped uterus.
- This entails injecting dye into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
- Subsequently, X-ray images are taken to evaluate the reproductive structure.
- This examination is advantageous in detecting irregularities in the reproductive anatomy.
- It plays a crucial role in determining the right treatment to support individuals in their journey towards conception.
When should a hysterosalpingogram be done?
- The provider sets up the procedure to take place within the initial two weeks of the menstrual cycle.
- This timing happens after the previous period but before ovulation.
- Scheduling the procedure during this specific timeframe lowers the likelihood of getting pregnant or having your period while undergoing the procedure.
Who shouldn’t get a hysterosalpingogram?
- If you are pregnant or suspect pregnancy, an HSG test should not be performed.
- Individuals with active pelvic infections should avoid this procedure to reduce the risk of further complications.
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Get A Second OpinionWhen would a hysterosalpingogram be needed?
- The HSG (hysterosalpingogram) procedure helps the doctor determine if the fallopian tubes are open or blocked.
- This information is crucial for diagnosing fertility problems.
- When the fallopian tubes are open, it creates a smooth path for conception.
- For fertilization to occur, sperm needs to travel through the fallopian tubes and reach the egg.
- Once fertilized, the embryo travels through the fallopian tubes towards the uterus.
- In the uterus, the embryo can implant and develop into a healthy fetus.
Blocked fallopian tubes obstruct these processes and are a leading cause of infertility. An HSG will also enable the provider to:
- Examine the outcome of a tubal ligation or tubal reversal: An HSG can determine whether a tubal ligation treatment successfully can close the fallopian tubes, preventing pregnancy. It can also indicate whether or not the procedure was successfully reversed.
- Plan for further imaging: An HSG can detect uterine anomalies (fibroids, aberrant shape) that the provider can utilize to prepare for additional imaging, such as sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. A sonohysterogram can refine the results of an HSG and provide a final diagnosis, whereas a hysteroscopy can treat specific uterine disorders.
Who performs a hysterosalpingogram?
An HSG can be performed by a gynaecologist, radiologist, or reproductive endocrinologist. After this, a radiologist will review the X-rays and prepare a report to inform the doctor of the results.
How does the procedure work?
A dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes during an HSG. On an X-ray, the dye generates an outline of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
The HSG test procedure starts with a doctor inserting a catheter into the cervix and injecting a contrast into the uterus and fallopian tubes. This dye appears on X-ray images, allowing the doctor to evaluate the shape and patency (openness) of the reproductive structures. The whole process typically takes about 30 minutes.
How do I prepare for a hysterosalpingogram?
To prepare for the procedure, follow the instructions provided by the health provider. The provider may recommend you to:
- An hour before the treatment, take an over-the-counter pain reliever.
- To avoid infection, take antibiotics beforehand.
You might be able to drive by yourself. But if you have cramps driving may be difficult. It's a good idea to have someone along if something goes wrong.
Is an HSG Painful?
Moderate pain or discomfort is common with an HSG before and after the operation. When the provider inserts the dye solution into the uterus, you may experience cramping. When the tubes become blocked, people may suffer more cramping.While HSG test side effects vary from person to person.
The cramping could continue from five minutes to many hours following the surgery. It could be minor or moderate. Over-the-counter NSAIDs can help relieve cramping.
What to expect after the test?
You may need to wear a pad after the test to catch any leftover dye solution that escapes the vagina. The discharge is frequently sticky and contains small amounts of blood. You may also experience the following side effects:
- Dizziness
- Cramps
- Vaginal bleeding for a day or two
- Upset stomach or nausea
- Sticky discharge
- Light bleeding
Depending on your comfort level, you may continue all normal activities immediately after the HSG.
What are the risks of this test?
The level of radiation used by an HSG to record X-ray images is minimal. HSG test is not risky. But, below are instances of uncommon complications:
- Injury to the uterus
- Infection in the reproductive system
- An allergic reaction to the dye solution
These risks are rare, and your healthcare provider will take necessary precautions to minimize them.
HSG results
The provider will inform you of the results and advise you on the next steps. If the HSG reveals a blockage, the doctor may suggest other treatments, such as laparoscopy, to identify and treat the problem. However, they may recommend fertility therapies that do not necessitate clean fallopian tubes, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
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Book an AppointmentHysterosalpingography Benefits
The HSG benefits are significant, especially in fertility evaluations. It helps:
- Detects fallopian tube blockages, a common cause of HSG test for infertility.
- Identify uterine abnormalities like fibroids or irregular shapes, which can impact pregnancy.
- Provide valuable insights to guide further fertility treatments and options, such as IVF or surgical procedures.
When should I call my doctor?
Contact the physician if you observe any of the following symptoms, which could indicate an infection:
