AC Joint Arthrosis

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint arthrosis is a condition that often goes unnoticed until it significantly impacts daily activities. This degenerative disorder affects the AC joint, where the acromion (a part of the shoulder blade) meets the clavicle (collarbone). What is AC Joint Arthrosis?

AC joint arthrosis, also known as acromioclavicular joint arthritis, is characterized by the degeneration of cartilage within the AC joint. The cartilage acts as a cushion between bones, and its wear and tear lead to pain, inflammation, and reduced joint mobility.

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Causes of AC Joint Arthrosis

Age and Wear and Tear

One of the primary causes of AC joint arthrosis is age-related wear and tear. Over time, the cartilage in the AC joint naturally deteriorates, leading to arthrosis. This process is often accelerated in individuals who engage in repetitive shoulder movements or heavy lifting.

Injuries and Trauma

Previous injuries to the shoulder, such as fractures or dislocations, can also contribute to the development of AC joint arthrosis. Trauma can damage the cartilage and underlying bone, setting the stage for degenerative changes.

Genetic Predisposition

While not as common, genetic factors can play a role in the development of AC joint arthrosis. Individuals with a family history of arthritis are at a higher risk of developing this condition.

Other Contributing Factors

Other factors, such as poor posture, obesity, and certain metabolic disorders, can exacerbate the wear and tear on the AC joint, leading to arthrosis.

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Symptoms of AC Joint Arthrosis

Pain and Tenderness

Pain is the most common symptom of AC joint arthrosis. It is typically localized to the top of the shoulder and may radiate to the neck and upper back. The pain often worsens with activities that involve lifting, pushing, or pulling.

Limited Range of Motion

Individuals with AC joint arthrosis may experience a reduced range of motion in the shoulder. This limitation can make everyday tasks, such as reaching overhead or behind the back, challenging.

Swelling and Inflammation

Inflammation and swelling around the AC joint are also common symptoms. These signs can be particularly noticeable after physical activity or prolonged use of the shoulder.

Clicking or Popping Sensations

Some individuals may experience clicking or popping sensations in the shoulder joint. These sounds are often accompanied by pain and can indicate cartilage damage or bone spurs.

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Diagnosis of AC Joint Arthrosis

Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional is the first step in diagnosing AC joint arthrosis. The doctor will assess the range of motion, check for tenderness, and evaluate any swelling or deformities in the shoulder.

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans, are essential for confirming the diagnosis. These tests provide detailed images of the joint, revealing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and other degenerative changes.

Diagnostic Injections

In some cases, a diagnostic injection of a local anesthetic and corticosteroid into the AC joint may be used. If the injection alleviates the pain, it confirms that the AC joint is the source of the symptoms.

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Types of AC Joint Arthrosis

Primary Arthrosis

Primary arthrosis refers to the natural degeneration of the AC joint cartilage due to aging and repetitive use. It is the most common form of AC joint arthrosis and typically affects older individuals.

Secondary Arthrosis

Secondary arthrosis results from previous injuries or trauma to the AC joint. This type of arthrosis can occur at any age and is often more severe than primary arthrosis due to the damage caused by the initial injury.

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Treatment Options for AC Joint Arthrosis

Conservative Treatments

Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics are commonly prescribed to manage pain and inflammation associated with AC joint arthrosis. These medications can provide temporary relief but do not address the underlying cause.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is a cornerstone of conservative treatment. A physical therapist can design an individualized exercise program to strengthen the shoulder muscles, improve flexibility, and reduce pain.

Activity Modification

Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms is crucial. Patients are advised to modify their daily routines and avoid heavy lifting or repetitive shoulder movements.

Invasive Treatments

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections into the AC joint can provide significant relief from pain and inflammation. However, these injections are typically considered a short-term solution and may need to be repeated periodically.

Surgical Interventions

In cases where conservative treatments fail, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common surgical procedures for AC joint arthrosis include:

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Prevention of AC Joint Arthrosis

Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the stress on the AC joint and slow down the degenerative process.

Proper Posture and Ergonomics

Practicing good posture and using ergonomic equipment can minimize the strain on the shoulder joint during daily activities and work.

Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular exercise, particularly strength training and flexibility exercises for the shoulder, can help maintain joint health and prevent arthrosis.

Avoiding Repetitive Stress

Avoiding repetitive shoulder movements and heavy lifting can reduce the risk of developing AC joint arthrosis. If these activities are unavoidable, taking regular breaks and using proper techniques is essential.