Dysplastic Nevus

A dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that differs from an ordinary mole in its appearance and potential risk factors. Known for its irregular shape, varied colour, and larger size, a dysplastic nevus warrants careful monitoring due to its association with an increased risk of developing melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer. Let us explore a comprehensive understanding of dysplastic nevi, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and treatment options.

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What is a Dysplastic Nevus?

Dysplastic nevi are atypical moles that may resemble melanoma. They are usually larger than typical moles, often exceeding 5 millimetres in diameter, and exhibit irregular borders and uneven colouration. The pigmentation can range from pink to dark brown, and the surface can be smooth, rough, or pebbly.

While the presence of a dysplastic nevus itself does not guarantee the development of melanoma, these moles are considered a marker for an increased risk. Individuals with multiple dysplastic nevi are at a higher risk of developing melanoma, especially if there is a family history of the condition.

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Causes of Dysplastic Nevus

The exact cause of dysplastic nevi is not entirely understood, but several factors contribute to their development:

Genetic Predisposition

Genetic factors play a significant role in the formation of dysplastic nevi. Individuals with a family history of dysplastic nevi or melanoma have a higher likelihood of developing these atypical moles.

Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can damage the DNA of skin cells, leading to the formation of dysplastic nevi. People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are particularly susceptible to UV damage.

Other Contributing Factors

Additional factors such as immune suppression and exposure to certain chemicals can also contribute to the development of dysplastic nevi.

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Symptoms of Dysplastic Nevus

Dysplastic nevi differ from common moles in several ways. Here are the key characteristics to watch for:

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Diagnosis of Dysplastic Nevus

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough skin examination by a dermatologist. If a mole appears atypical, the dermatologist may perform a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken for microscopic examination. This helps in determining whether the mole is dysplastic or if there are any signs of melanoma.

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Dysplastic Nevus and Melanoma

While having a dysplastic nevus increases the risk of melanoma, not all dysplastic nevi will develop into melanoma. It is crucial to monitor these moles regularly for any changes and to follow recommended screening guidelines.

Individuals with multiple dysplastic nevi or a family history of melanoma should consider regular dermatological check-ups. Early detection and management of atypical moles can significantly reduce the risk of melanoma.

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Management and Treatment of Dysplastic Nevus

Effective management of dysplastic nevi involves a combination of regular monitoring, preventive measures, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Regular Monitoring

Individuals with dysplastic nevi should perform regular self-examinations to monitor for any changes in their moles. A professional skin examination by a dermatologist is recommended at least once a year or more frequently if risk factors are present.

Preventive Measures

It is vital to take steps to protect the skin from UV radiation. This includes using broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds.

Surgical Removal

In cases where a dysplastic nevus appears suspicious or exhibits significant changes, surgical removal may be recommended. The procedure involves excising the mole and a small margin of surrounding skin to ensure complete removal. The tissue is then analyzed to check for any signs of melanoma.