Understanding Herpangina: Symptoms and Treatment Options
Herpangina is a viral illness that predominantly affects children. It is characterised by fever, sore throat, and the appearance of small, blister-like ulcers on the roof of the mouth and back of the throat. Although its sudden onset and painful symptoms can be alarming, understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can significantly aid in managing and preventing the disease.
Secure your health with a second opinion. Make informed decisions and book your appointment today!
Get A Second OpinionWhat is Herpangina?
Herpangina is a contagious viral infection caused primarily by enteroviruses, particularly the Coxsackievirus A. It is closely related to hand, foot, and mouth disease but is distinguished by its unique presentation of painful oral lesions.
Causes of Herpangina
The primary causative agents of herpangina are enteroviruses, specifically:
- Coxsackievirus A: The most common cause.
- Coxsackievirus B: Less frequently involved.
- Echoviruses and Enterovirus 71: Occasionally implicated in outbreaks.
These viruses are transmitted via fecal-oral routes, respiratory droplets, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Children are particularly susceptible due to their close contact in settings such as schools and daycare centres.
Symptoms of Herpangina
Herpangina typically presents with a sudden onset of symptoms, which can be distressing for both the affected child and their caregivers.
Common Symptoms
- Fever: Often high, ranging from 38°C to 40°C (100.4°F to 104°F).
- Sore Throat: A significant complaint due to the painful ulcers.
- Headache: Accompanies the fever and general malaise.
- Loss of Appetite: Due to the discomfort of swallowing.
Oral Lesions
The hallmark of herpangina is the appearance of small vesicles (blisters) that evolve into ulcers. These are typically:
- Located on the soft palate, uvula, and tonsils.
- Painful and surrounded by a red halo.
- Numbering between 2 to 12 lesions.
Other Symptoms
Diagnosis of Herpangina
The diagnosis of herpangina is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms and physical examination findings.
Physical Examination
A healthcare provider will look for:
- Fever
- Throat redness
- Presence of the typical vesicular lesions
Laboratory Tests
Although not routinely required, laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis:
- Throat Swab: To identify the causative virus.
- Stool Sample: Occasionally used to detect enteroviruses.
Differential Diagnosis
Herpangina must be differentiated from other conditions with similar presentations, such as:
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease
- Herpes simplex virus infection
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
Treatment Options for Herpangina
There is no specific antiviral treatment for herpangina; management focuses on symptomatic relief and supportive care.
Symptomatic Treatment
- Pain ReliefAcetaminophen or Ibuprofen: To reduce fever and alleviate pain.Topical Anesthetics: Such as lidocaine gel for oral ulcers.
- HydrationEncourage fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially in young children who might refuse to drink due to pain.
- RestAdequate rest is crucial to support the immune system in fighting the infection.
Dietary Recommendations
- Cold Foods: Ice cream, popsicles, and cold drinks can soothe the throat.
- Soft Foods: Yogurt, mashed potatoes, and broth are more accessible to swallow.
Medical Intervention
In severe cases, particularly with complications such as dehydration, intravenous fluids and hospitalisation may be necessary.
Prevention of Herpangina
Preventive measures are essential in reducing the spread of herpangina, especially in communal settings.
Hygiene Practices
- Hand Washing: Wash hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and water. When soap and water are unavailable, use alcohol-based hand sanitisers.
- Respiratory Hygiene: Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing. Properly dispose of tissues.
- Surface DisinfectionRegular cleaning of toys, surfaces, and objects that children commonly touch.
Avoiding Contact
- Isolation of Infected Individuals: Keeping children with herpangina away from school or daycare until they are no longer contagious.
- Avoiding Sharing Utensils: Do not share cups, utensils, and towels with infected individuals.
Ready to take control of your health journey? Book your appointment now and start your path towards wellness today!
Book an AppointmentComplications of Herpangina
While herpangina is typically self-limiting and resolves within a week, complications can occur, particularly in young children and immunocompromised individuals.
Common Complications
- Dehydration: Due to refusal to drink fluids because of painful swallowing.
- Febrile Seizures: In children with high fevers.
- Secondary Bacterial Infections: Rare but can occur if ulcers become infected.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Immediate medical attention is warranted if:
- High Fever: Persistent fever above 39°C (102.2°F).
- Dehydration Signs: Dry mouth, sunken eyes, and decreased urine output.
- Severe Pain: Unrelieved by over-the-counter medications.
- Difficulty Breathing: Indicating a more severe infection or complication.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What causes herpangina?
Herpangina is caused by enteroviruses, primarily Coxsackie A virus, which leads to a painful throat infection in children.
2. How is herpangina treated?
Treatment is primarily supportive, including hydration, pain relievers, and antipyretics to reduce fever. Antibiotics are not effective as the infection is viral.
3. Can herpangina be prevented?
Preventive measures include good hygiene practices like handwashing and avoiding contact with infected individuals, especially during outbreaks.
4. What are the symptoms of herpangina?
Symptoms include a sudden high fever, sore throat, headache, and painful sores or blisters in the back of the mouth.
5. How is herpangina diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made based on the clinical appearance of the sores in the mouth and symptoms, along with a history of exposure during an outbreak.
