Influenza: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Prevention
Influenza (flu) is a contagious viral respiratory disease caused due to the influenza virus. Its symptoms are Fever, Headache, vomiting, body pains, etc.
It spreads through respiratory droplets when infected individuals
- Talk
- Cough
- Sneeze
The flu season typically runs from April to September, with varying severity and duration. High-risk groups include young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms of Flu (Influenza)
The flu Influenza symptoms include:
- Headache
- Vomiting and diarrhea are common in some individuals
- Cough
- Muscle or body aches
- Fever or feeling feverish/chills
- Fatigue (tiredness)
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Sore throat
Secure your health with a second opinion. Make informed decisions and book your appointment today!
Get A Second OpinionWhen to see a doctor?
Most people with influenza can manage it at home and rarely require medical attention. Call your doctor if you are experiencing flu-like symptoms and feel you could get sick.
Causes of Flu (Influenza)
The flu is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. When sick people cough, sneeze or talk, respiratory particles are released into the air and may infect the surrounding individuals. A person can also catch the flu by touching the lips, eyes, or nose with contaminated hands. Some of the causes of influenza are:
- Influenza viruses (types A, B, and C) are the primary cause.
- Person-to-person transmission through coughing, sneezing, or talking.
- Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, eyes, or mouth.
- Close contact with infected individuals, especially in crowded settings.
- Seasonal changes, particularly in colder months, increase the likelihood of outbreaks.
- Weakened immune system, making it easier for the virus to infect.
- Underlying health conditions, such as asthma or heart disease, can increase susceptibility.
Risk Factors of Flu (Influenza)
The influenza risk factors are:
- Age: Seasonal influenza targets young children from six months to 5 years old and adults 65 years old or older.
- Weak immune system: The immune system is affected by HIV/AIDS, poor nutrition, smoking, alcoholism, chronic steroid use, organ transplants, cancer, etc. This may raise the chance of contracting the flu and make complications more likely.
- Chronic illnesses: Chronic ailments may increase the severity of influenza and lead to complications, including lung diseases,diabetes, heart disease, metabolic abnormalities, etc.
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women are more susceptible to influenza during the second and third trimesters.Also, women are more prone to experience influenza-related issues two to four weeks after giving birth.
Complications of Flu (Influenza)
The flu complications are as follows:
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Asthma attacks
- Heart problems
- Infected ears
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Prevention of Flu (Influenza)
- Get the annual flu vaccination, as it can reduce the severity of the infection and avoid hospitalisation.
- There are many Influenza vaccine options, including nasal spray and conventional jabs. The doctor could suggest a specific type of immunization depending on the health and risk factors.
Other prevention methods are:
- Follow healthy habits, such as washing your hands with soap and water.
- Use a disinfectant to clean surfaces and items like furniture and toys.
- Covering your mouth while coughing and sneezing will help reduce the risk of infection.
- Avoiding touching mouth, nose, or eyes with unwashed hands.
- Sleep for eight hours every night.
- Regular exercise helps boost the immune system.
Diagnosis of Flu (Influenza)
- Medical professionals will first assess the medical history and learn more about the symptoms to diagnose flu.
- There are various flu tests available.
- One of them is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing which is more sensitive compared to other tests and may be able to determine the influenza strain.
Treatment of Flu (Influenza)
Many people can take care of the flu illness themselves. Painkillers can manage headaches or body aches. You need to rest more and drink plenty of fluids to recover from the infection. In case of a severe disease or a higher risk of complications, the doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs to treat the flu. These were some Influenza treatments.
Ready to take control of your health journey? Book your appointment now and start your path towards wellness today!
Book an AppointmentDo’s and Don’ts
Follow the below-given do’s and don'ts for influenza to prevent the disease and its severity.
|
Do’s |
Don’ts |
|
Take flu vaccination |
Touch your face without washing or sanitizing your hands. |
|
Wash your hands frequently to avoid contamination. |
Cough or sneeze without covering your mouth. |
|
Eat a healthy diet |
Smoke and consume alcohol |
|
Take medicines as prescribed by the doctor. |
Take medicines without consulting the doctor. |
|
Take plenty of rest |
Drink less water |
Care at Medicover
At Medicover Hospitals, we have the most trusted group of doctors and healthcare professionals skilled at providing the best medical treatment to patients while showing compassion and care. Our diagnostic department is equipped with the latest technology and equipment to conduct the necessary investigations for diagnosing Influenza. Our excellent doctors follow a multi-disciplinary approach to identifying and treating the condition.
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious viral infection that spreads rapidly, especially during seasonal outbreaks. Recognizing influenza symptoms, such as fever, cough, and body aches, allows for early intervention.
Effective influenza treatment includes rest, hydration, and antiviral medications. Prevention is key, with the influenza vaccine being the most effective measure. Understanding the causes of influenza—primarily influenza viruses—can help minimize the risk of infection and promote better overall health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the 5 symptoms of the flu?
Influenza symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. These symptoms come on suddenly and can range in severity. It's essential to rest, hydrate, and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
How long does the flu last?
The flu typically lasts 1 to 2 weeks, though the duration may vary depending on the individual and the severity of the illness. Managing symptoms with rest and hydration can aid in faster recovery.
What causes the flu or cold?
Causes of influenza are viruses from the influenza family, while different viruses cause the common cold. Both conditions are spread through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.
What is the best treatment for the flu?
Influenza treatment often includes rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms. For high-risk individuals or severe cases, antiviral drugs and professional guidance are recommended.
How can I prevent getting the flu again?
The best prevention method is the influenza vaccine, along with good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also support immune function.
Can the flu be treated with antibiotics?
No, influenza treatment does not involve antibiotics, as they are ineffective against viral infections. Antiviral medications may be prescribed in some instances, but antibiotics are used only if a bacterial infection is present.
Is the influenza vaccine safe?
Yes, the influenza vaccine is generally safe and is recommended annually to help prevent the flu. Side effects are typically mild and temporary, such as soreness at the injection site or a low-grade fever.
How do I know if I have the flu or a cold?
While both the flu and cold share similar symptoms, influenza symptoms tend to come on suddenly and are more severe, including high fever and body aches. Colds typically involve milder symptoms like a runny nose and sneezing.
