Keratitis Types and Treatments

Keratitis is an eye condition that can cause pain, redness, and vision problems. It occurs when the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, becomes inflamed. Understanding the different types of keratitis, their symptoms, and treatments can help you take better care of your eyes.

What is Keratitis?

Keratitis can be caused by an infection, injury, or underlying health conditions. It can affect people of all ages and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications including vision loss.

Types of Keratitis

There are several types of keratitis, each with its own causes and treatments.

Bacterial Keratitis

Bacterial keratitis is caused by bacteria, often following an eye injury or from wearing contact lenses too long. Common bacteria involved include Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species.

Viral Keratitis

Viral keratitis is caused by viruses, such as the herpes simplex virus. This type of keratitis can recur, especially during times of stress or illness.

Fungal Keratitis

Fungal keratitis is less common and is usually caused by fungi found in organic material like soil or plants. It often occurs after an eye injury involving plant material.

Microsporidial Keratitis

Microsporidial keratitis is caused by microsporidia, which are spore-forming parasites. This type is rare but can be severe, particularly in people with compromised immune systems.

Symptoms of Keratitis

The symptoms of keratitis can vary depending on the cause, but common symptoms include:

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see an eye doctor for a proper diagnosis.

Diagnosing Keratitis

Diagnosing keratitis involves a thorough eye examination. Your eye doctor may use a special microscope called a slit lamp to get a detailed view of your cornea. They may also take a sample of your tears or corneal tissue to identify the cause of the inflammation.

Treatment Options for Keratitis

The treatment for keratitis depends on the type and cause of the inflammation. Here are some common treatments:

Bacterial Keratitis Treatment

Bacterial keratitis is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops. In severe cases, oral antibiotics may be necessary. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent the infection from returning.

Viral Keratitis Treatment

Viral keratitis, particularly caused by the herpes simplex virus, is treated with antiviral medications. These can be in the form of eye drops, oral tablets, or both. Antiviral treatment helps to reduce symptoms and prevent recurrences.

Fungal Keratitis Treatment

Fungal keratitis requires antifungal eye drops. In some cases, oral antifungal medications are also prescribed. Treatment can be lengthy, often lasting several weeks to months.

Microsporidial Keratitis Treatment

Microsporidial keratitis is treated with specific antiparasitic medications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.

Preventing Keratitis

Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some tips to help prevent keratitis:

When to See a Doctor

If you experience symptoms of keratitis, it's important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and preserve your vision.