What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition that causes signal transmission issues at the neuromuscular junction. As a result, the muscles get tired fast and improve after rest.
It affects the muscles that regulate the below-listed actions in the early stages;
- Eye movements
- Facial expressions
- Chewing
- Swallowing
As the condition worsens, the neck and limb muscles may be affected, making it difficult to hold the head up, walk upstairs, and raise the arms. Breathlessness may occur if left untreated.
Although this condition does not run in families, those who develop autoimmune conditions are more likely to develop myasthenia gravis.
What are the Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?
Generalized weakness usually develops within two years of illness. In general, MG symptoms include:
- Drooping eyelids
- Double vision
- Trouble holding up your head
- Eye muscles weakness
- Change in your facial expression
- Shortness of breath
- Trouble swallowing
- Problems walking and lifting things
- Speech problems
Severe myasthenia gravis can lead to respiratory muscle weakness. It is a medical emergency and requires ventilator support.
Approximately 15% to 20% of MG patients may experience at least one crisis triggered by factors like:
- Infection
- Stress
- Surgery
- Medication reactions
For emergency myasthenia gravis care, please book an appointment with our specialists.
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Get A Second OpinionWhat are the Primary Causes of Myasthenia Gravis?
The two primary causes of Myasthenia Gravis include;
Autoimmune Response
Myasthenia gravis is primarily an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the body's tissues. The immune system releases antibodies that target and block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells and muscles, and blocking these receptors disrupts muscle function.
Thymus Involvement
The thymus gland, part of the immune system, plays a role in developing myasthenia gravis. Sometimes, the thymus gland is abnormally large or contains tumors that trigger or exacerbate the autoimmune response.
Surgical removal of the thymus (thymectomy) is a standard treatment for myasthenia gravis in cases involving the gland.
What are the Common Causes of Myasthenia Gravis
What are the Risk Factors of Myasthenia Gravis?
Here are some factors that contribute to the development of MG:
- Genetic factors: Myasthenia Gravis is not directly inherited. Some people may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible to developing the condition.
- Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors or infections may trigger the onset of myasthenia gravis in individuals genetically predisposed to the condition. However, specific triggers have not been definitively identified.
- Pregnancy: Children born to mothers with Myasthenia Gravis rarely have a chance of developing it. If treated immediately, they recover in two months.
