What is Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)?

STDs are diseases that are transmitted from person to person, most commonly through vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse. They're very common and many people who have them have no symptoms. STDs can cause major health issues if not treated. The good news is that getting tested is simple, and most STDs are easily treated. STDs are dangerous infections that require medical attention. Others, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cannot be cured and can be fatal if not treated.

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What are the types of sexually transmitted infections?

The types of STDs are as follows

Chlamydia
HIV/AIDS
Genital herpes
HPV
Pubic lice
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Trichomoniasis.

What are the Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)?

STDs may not always cause symptoms and may only cause minor ones. As a result, it is possible to have an infection and be aware of it. You may, however, transmit it to someone else.

The following symptoms may be experienced by men:

Itching or burning in the penis
A discharge (drip) from the penis
Pain in the lower abdomen
Penis, anus, or mouth sores, pimples, or blisters
Burning and discomfort when passing urine or bowel movements
Having to use the restroom frequently

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The following symptoms are common among women:

Itching or burning in the vagina
A discharge or odour from the vaginal area
Pain in the lower abdomen
Vaginal bleeding that is not usual
Pain during sex
Vaginal sores, pimples, or blisters, anus, or mouth sores
Burning and discomfort when passing pee or bowel motions
Having to use the restroom frequently

When to See a Doctor ?

Although some STDs may not cause symptoms, it is nevertheless important to look for any signs of infection, even if they are minor. If you experience any of the following symptoms, see a doctor or healthcare expert straight away:

Urinary incontinence
Abnormal discharge from the cervix, penis, or anus
Itching or burning in the genitalia
Rashes, pimples, and sores
Pelvic discomfort, often known as lower abdominal pain
Unusual vaginal bleeding
Painful penetrative sex

What are the Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections?

Having unprotected sex : Vaginal or anal penetration by an infected partner who isn't wearing a latex condom increases the risk of getting an STD substantially. Improper or inconsistent condom usage might also increase the risk.
Oral sex : It may be less risky, but infections can still be transmitted without a latex condom or a dental dam.
Having sexual contact with multiple partners : The risk increases if someone gets intimate with more people who might already have some kind of infection.
History of STD : Anyone who has a history of an STD, particularly HIV/AIDS, is at an increased risk of contracting any other STD. In other words, having an STD makes you more likely to contract another STD in the future.
Being forced to engage in sexual activity : Dealing with rape or assault is challenging, but it's critical to visit a doctor as quickly as possible for screening, treatment, and emotional support.
Misuse of alcohol or use of recreational drugs : Substance abuse can impair judgement, making you more likely to engage in unsafe behaviour.
Injecting drugs : Sharing needles transmit a variety of dangerous illnesses, including HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
Age : People aged 15 to 24 contribute about half of all new sexually transmitted diseases.

What are the Complications of Sexually Transmitted Infections?

STDs can have long-term consequences if left untreated. The possible complications include:

Infertility and reproductive health issues
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and discomfort in the pelvis
Complications of pregnancy
Certain cancers, including HPV-related cervical and rectal cancers
Heart disease
Inflammation of the eyes

What is the Prevention of STDs?

Preventing STIs is the best way to avoid an STD. The only sure method to do so is to avoid unprotected sexual contact. There are, however, ways to make sex safer and lower the chance of developing an STD:

Before engaging in any sexual activity with a new partner, have an honest conversation about their sexual past.
Get tested for STIs regularly, especially if you have new or multiple partners.
To help prevent Sexually transmitted diseases that spread through fluids, use a condom properly during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Dental dams can help protect against oral sex.
Consider obtaining an HPV and hepatitis B vaccine.
If you are at a higher risk of developing HIV, consider taking PrEP medicine daily.

How to Treat Undescended Testis?

Treating undescended testis is important so that a child can grow upright and not have problems later. How doctors treat it depends on how old the child is and how serious the problem is. Here's what they can do:

Hormone Help: Sometimes, doctors use special medicines to give the testicles a little push to go where they should be. This works better if the testicles are almost there on their own. But once the treatment stops, the testicles might go back up.
Surgery (Orchiopexy): The main treatment is a special operation called orchiopexy. This is when a doctor carefully moves the testicle to the right spot and ensures it stays there. They do this by securing it inside the scrotum. This surgery usually happens when the child is 6 months and one year old. It helps lower the chances of problems and lets the doctor watch how the testicle grows.
Two Steps Sometimes: If the testicle is very high, it might need two surgeries. First, the doctor helps it move closer to the right spot inside the body. Then, in the second surgery, they make sure it's where it should be in the scrotum.
Tiny Camera Surgery: For some kids, the doctor might use a tiny camera to help move the testicles. They make small cuts and use the camera to see their actions. This is good for certain cases.
Keep Checking: No matter what treatment is chosen, it's important to keep visiting the doctor. This way, they can ensure the testicle is growing well and doing its job.

How are Sexually Transmitted Infections Diagnosed?

STIs can be diagnosed by a doctor. They will inquire regarding the sexual history in person. It is important, to be honest to receive assistance. To confirm the condition, they may take a vaginal or penile fluid sample or a blood test. Laboratory testing can determine the cause and reveal any co-infections you may have.

Blood tests : Blood tests can confirm HIV or the latter stages of syphilis.
Urine samples : Urine samples can be used to confirm some Sexually transmitted diseases.
Fluid samples : If you have open genital sores, your doctor may examine fluid and sore samples to determine the kind of infection.

How to Treat Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?

STDs have a significant impact on the body. Depending on the disease, there are several treatment methods available, including

Antibiotics
Other medications, either oral or topical
Laser surgery

You may also be advised to make lifestyle changes, such as abstaining from sex until the treatment is over. Remember that with most STDs, it is not possible to reverse any damage caused by the condition. Moreover, some STDs, such as genital warts and AIDS, are incurable.

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Do’s and Don’ts of Anal Fistula:

Sexually transmitted diseases or STDs, are spread through sexual contact. Every year, millions of people become infected with an STD. Women may get chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, or genital herpes in addition to HIV/AIDS. Preventing STDs and reducing your risk begins with these important do’s and don’ts.

Do’s	Don’ts
Use a latex condom every time you have vaginal, oral, or anal sex	Use condoms lubricated with spermicides.
Notice if any changes or symptoms you experience	Have sexual intercourse without completing the treatment.
Maintain good personal hygiene	Have sexual intercourse with multiple partners
Talk with your partner about his or her sexual history	Ignore screening tests for STDs if you suspect infection
Use the antibiotics prescribed.	Stop medication without completing the course.

Precautions and self-care will help you fight the condition positively and improve your quality of life.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Care at Medicover Hospitals

At Medicover, we have the best team of Gynaecologists and infectious disease doctors who work together to provide STD disease treatment with utmost precision. Our highly skilled team utilises the latest medical approaches, diagnostic procedures and technologies to treat various gynaecological conditions and ailments. For treating STDs, we adopt a multi-disciplinary approach and provide comprehensive care to the patients and attend to all their medical needs at once for faster and sustained recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions

The recovery time for STIs can differ based on the particular infection, the effectiveness of the treatment, and individual factors. While some STIs can be resolved with treatment, others may require ongoing management. It is advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional for proper care.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual activity, such as vaginal, anal, or oral sex. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can present with a range of symptoms or no symptoms. If left untreated, STDs can result in severe health complications and can also be passed on to sexual partners.

To prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is important to practice safe sex. This involves using condoms correctly and consistently, limiting the number of sexual partners, and undergoing regular testing. It is also crucial to avoid engaging in risky sexual behaviours like unprotected intercourse and sharing needles, as these actions can significantly reduce the risk of STI transmission.

Signs of STDs:

Presence of sores or bumps on the genitals, oral, or rectal area.
Painful or burning sensation during urination.
Discharge from the penis or unusual vaginal discharge.
Unusual vaginal bleeding.
Pain experienced during sexual intercourse.
Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the groin area.
Lower abdominal pain.

The most effective way to treat STDs is typically through the use of antibiotics, which can successfully eliminate the infection. In many cases, STIs can be cured without causing long-term complications. However, for certain infections such as HIV, lifelong treatment may be necessary. To lower your risk of contracting STIs, it is important to use condoms or other preventative measures during sexual activity.

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