Sternum Pain

Sternum pain can be an alarming and distressing experience, often raising concerns about potential underlying health issues. While sternum pain may sometimes indicate a serious medical condition, it is often related to less severe causes that can be effectively managed and treated. 

Causes of Sternum Pain

Sternum pain, also known as chest bone pain, can stem from a variety of sources. Understanding the root cause is essential for effective treatment. Here are some common causes:

Costochondritis

Costochondritis is one of the most frequent causes of sternum pain. It involves inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum. This condition can cause sharp, aching pain in the chest, which may worsen with physical activity or deep breathing.

Muscle Strain Near Sternum

Muscle strain, particularly in the chest muscles, can lead to sternum pain. This can result from overuse, heavy lifting, or sudden, forceful movements. The pain may be exacerbated by activities that engage the chest muscles, such as pushing or pulling.

Rib Injuries

Injuries to the ribs, such as fractures or bruises, can also cause sternum pain. These injuries are often the result of trauma, such as a fall, car accident, or sports-related impact. Rib injuries can cause sharp, localized pain that may be aggravated by breathing, coughing, or movement.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a digestive disorder that can cause a burning sensation in the chest, often mistaken for sternum pain. This occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, irritating the lining and causing discomfort.

Heart Conditions

While less common, certain heart conditions can manifest as sternum pain. Angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, can cause pressure or tightness in the chest. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is another serious condition that can present as sternum pain, often accompanied by other symptoms such as shortness of breath, sweating, and nausea.

Other Causes

Other potential causes of sternum pain include infections (such as bronchitis or pneumonia), inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleurisy), and autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms of Sternum Pain

The symptoms associated with sternum pain can vary depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

It is important to note that if you experience severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or other concerning symptoms, you should seek immediate medical attention, as these may indicate a serious condition.

Diagnosis of Sternum Pain

Diagnosing the cause of sternum pain involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. This typically includes:

Medical History and Physical Examination

A thorough medical history and physical examination are the first steps in diagnosing sternum pain. Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any recent activities or injuries that may have contributed to the pain. They will also perform a physical examination to assess for tenderness, swelling, and other signs of injury or inflammation.

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, may be ordered to visualize the bones, cartilage, and soft tissues in the chest. These tests can help identify fractures, inflammation, or other abnormalities that may be causing the pain.

Blood Tests

Blood tests may be performed to check for signs of infection, inflammation, or other underlying conditions that could be contributing to the pain.

Other Diagnostic Tests

In some cases, additional diagnostic tests may be necessary to evaluate the heart and digestive system. These may include an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function, an endoscopy to examine the esophagus and stomach, or a pulmonary function test to evaluate lung function.

Treatment for Sternum Pain

The treatment for sternum pain depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatment approaches:

Medications

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can be beneficial for managing sternum pain, particularly when it is related to muscle strain or costochondritis. A physical therapist can provide exercises and stretches to improve flexibility, strength, and posture, helping to alleviate pain and prevent future occurrences.

Lifestyle Modifications

Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage and prevent sternum pain. These may include:

Surgical Interventions

In rare cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address the underlying cause of sternum pain. This may include surgery to repair a fractured rib, correct a structural abnormality, or address a heart condition.

Managing Sternum Pain

Managing sternum pain involves a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle modifications, and self-care practices. Here are some tips to help manage and alleviate sternum pain:

Rest and Recovery

Allowing your body to rest and recover is essential for managing sternum pain. Avoid activities that exacerbate the pain and give yourself time to heal.

Applying Heat or Cold

Applying heat or cold packs to the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation. Use a heat pack or warm compress to relax tight muscles, or apply a cold pack to reduce swelling and numb the pain.

Practicing Deep Breathing

Deep breathing exercises can help alleviate pain and improve lung function. Practice slow, deep breaths to relax the chest muscles and reduce tension.

Seeking Medical Attention

If your sternum pain persists or worsens, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options.