What Are Barbiturates and How Do They Work?
Barbiturates are medications that act as central nervous system depressants. They help reduce nerve activity, leading to muscle relaxation and potentially lowering heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Barbiturates increase the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that calms the brain by producing a sedative effect.
These drugs were originally developed to help people relax and sleep. However, due to their high risk of dependence and side effects, they have been largely replaced by benzodiazepines in both medical and recreational settings. Despite this, benzodiazepines also carry a risk of physical dependence and other adverse effects.
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Barbiturates Uses
Barbiturates are sometimes prescribed by doctors to treat various conditions, including:
- Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
- Increased Pressure in the Skull
- Severe Skull Trauma
They are also used as anesthetics. Off-label uses include treating:
Barbiturates Side Effects
Common side effects of barbiturates include:
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Low Blood Pressure
- Nausea
- Sedation
- Skin Rash
Serious Side Effects of Barbiturates:
Rare Side Effects of Barbiturates:
- Agranulocytosis (a severe reduction in white blood cells)
- Erythroderma (widespread redness of the skin)
- Liver Injury
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (a severe skin reaction)
If you experience any serious symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. If you notice any reactions to barbiturates, avoid further use and consult your healthcare provider.
Important Note:
Your doctor prescribed this medication because they judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not experience serious side effects. If you encounter any severe reactions, seek medical help right away.
How Barbiturates Should Be Taken
Barbiturates are sedative-hypnotics, a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches. They can also be used for preoperative sedation in a hospital setting. Common brand names include Amobarbital, Secobarbital, Butabarbital, Pentobarbital, and Phenobarbital.
Dosages Information for Barbiturates
- Amobarbital (Amytal): Powder for injection: 500 mg
- Secobarbital (Seconal): Capsule: 500 mg
- Butabarbital (Butisol): Tablets: 30 mg and 50 mg; Oral solution: 30 mg/5 mL
Missed Dose
Missing one or two doses typically doesn't cause harm. However, some medications may not work effectively if doses are skipped. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. Consult your doctor for specific advice.
Overdose
An accidental overdose can lead to serious health issues. If you take more than the prescribed amount, seek medical attention immediately.
Interactions
Barbiturates can interact with various drugs, potentially reducing their effectiveness. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about any medications you are taking. Some drugs that interact with barbiturates include Atazanavir, Boceprevir, Lurasidone, and Ranolazine.
Storage
- Store barbiturates at room temperature (68ºF to 77ºF / 20ºC to 25ºC).
- Keep them away from direct heat, air and light to prevent damage.
- Ensure the medication is out of reach of children.
Important Notes:
- Always consult your doctor before starting barbiturates.
- If you experience any side effects or problems, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
- When traveling, keep your medications with you to avoid emergencies.
- Follow your doctor's prescription and advice for safe and effective use.
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Barbiturates Vs Benzodiazepines
Citations
The Cochrane Library
