What is Doxorubicin?

Doxorubicin is a powerful chemotherapy drug used to treat a variety of cancers. It is available under the brand names Adriamycin, Caelyx and Rubex. This medication is specifically designed to target and inhibit the growth of cancer cells in various parts of the body.


Doxorubicin Uses

Doxorubicin is used to treat a wide range of cancers, including:

  • Ovary, prostate, liver and thyroid cancers
  • Small cell lung cancer
  • Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Hodgkin's disease
  • Lymphomas
  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • Blood, lymphatic system, bladder, breast, stomach, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, nerves, kidneys, bones and soft tissue cancers

How Does Doxorubicin Work?

  • Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy that works by slowing and stopping the growth of cancer cells.
  • It affects both cancerous and normal body cells, which can lead to various side effects.

Doxorubicin Side Effects

Common Side Effects of Doxorubicin

Serious Side Effects of Doxorubicin

  • Hives
  • Skin rash
  • Itching
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Seizures

Note: Doxorubicin can cause your urine, tears, and sweat to turn reddish. This is a normal reaction and should not be mistaken for blood.

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Precautions To Be Taken For Doxorubicin

Before starting Doxorubicin, inform your doctor if you:

  • Are allergic to Doxorubicin or other medications
  • Have a medical history of:
    • Low blood cell counts
    • Anemia
    • Neutropenia
    • Gout
    • Heart problems
    • Kidney or liver issues
    • Radiation treatment in the chest area

How to Take Doxorubicin

  • Doxorubicin is administered as an intravenous injection by a healthcare professional in a medical facility.
  • The injection is typically given every 21 to 28 days.
  • The duration of treatment depends on the type of cancer, your body's response and the specific medications you are receiving.
  • Dosage is based on medical condition, body size and therapy response.

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Important Tips

  • Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and duration.
  • Regular monitoring by your doctor is essential to manage side effects and adjust treatment as needed.
  • Avoid exposure to infections and report any signs of infection to your doctor immediately.

By understanding these aspects of Doxorubicin, patients can better navigate their treatment journey and communicate effectively with their healthcare providers.


Dosage of Doxorubicin

Adult and Pediatric Dosage Forms and Strengths:

  • Injectable solution: 2 mg/ml
  • Powder for injection: 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg

Dosing Considerations for Cancer:

Adult:

  • 60-75 mg/m² intravenously (IV) every 21 days
  • 60 mg/m² IV every 14 days
  • 40-60 mg/m² IV every 21-28 days
  • 20 mg/m²/dose once per week

Pediatric:

  • 35-75 mg/m² intravenously (IV) every 21 days
  • 20-30 mg/m²/dose once per week
  • 60-90 mg/m² IV over 96 hours every 3-4 weeks

Missed Dose

It's important to take this drug exactly when it's meant to be taken. If you miss a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible to get a new dosing schedule.


Overdose

Overdose of a drug can be accidental. If you have taken more than the prescribed Doxorubicin tablets there is a chance of getting a harmful effect on your body’s functions. Overdose of a medicine can lead to some medical emergency.


Warnings for some Serious Health Conditions

  • The medication should be only used during pregnancy if you are in a LIFE-THREATENING condition and there is no other choice.
  • Positive proof of human foetal risk is available
  • Doxorubicin passes into breast milk
  • Usage during breastfeeding is not recommended
  • Tumor lysis syndrome and hyperuricemia are potential side effects.
  • Secondary oral cancers, predominantly squamous cell carcinoma, have been linked to long-term use of the medication (i.e., greater than1 year)
  • Pediatric patients, seniors, impaired liver function, concomitant radiotherapy

Storage

Direct contact with heat, air and light may damage your medicines. Exposure to medicine may cause some harmful effects. The medicine must be kept in a safe place and out of children’s reach. Mainly the drug should be kept at room temperature between 68ºF and 77ºF (20ºC and 25ºC).


Doxorubicin vs Daunorubicin

Doxorubicin Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin is in a category of medicines referred to as antineoplastics. The growth of cancer cells, which are then gradually killed by the body. Daunorubicin is in a class of medicines referred to as anthracyclines. It works by slowing or preventing cancer cells from developing in your body.
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline type of chemotherapy that is used for treating various types of cancer. The medication works by slowing and stopping the growth of cancer cells. Daunorubicin is used to treat a particular form of acute myeloid leukaemia with other chemotherapy medications (AML; a type of cancer of the white blood cells). A type of acute lymphocytic leukaemia is treated with daunorubicin in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Most common side effects of Doxorubicin are:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Sores in the mouth
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight gain
Some of the common side effects of Daunorubicin are:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
  • Red urine

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which is the most serious side effect of doxorubicin?

Most common side effects of Doxorubicin are:

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Sores in the mouth
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight gain

2. Why doxorubicin is called the Red Devil?

PPE, which is characterised by skin eruptions on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet, swelling, discomfort, and erythema, may also occur in some people. Doxorubicin is known as the "red devil" or "red death" because of these side effects and its red colour.

3. What's the worst chemotherapy drug?

One of the most active chemotherapy drugs ever invented is doxorubicin (Adriamycin). At any stage in their life cycle, it can destroy cancer cells, and it's used to treat a wide range of cancers. Unfortunately, heart cells can also be harmed by the medication, so a patient can't take it forever.

4. What cancers does doxorubicin treat?

Doxorubicin is used to treat some forms of cancer of the bladder, breast, lung, stomach, and ovary; Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease) and non-lymphoma Hodgkin's (cancer that begins in the immune system cells); and some types of leukaemia in conjunction with other medications.

5. How long does doxorubicin infusion take?

While doxorubicin can be given quickly (in 15 to 20 minutes), the liposomal formulation should be given slowly to reduce the possibility of infusion reactions. Until administration, doxorubicin should be processed in a refrigerated environment and re-extracted from light.


Disclaimer: The information provided herein is accurate, updated and complete as per the best practices of the Company. Please note that this information should not be treated as a replacement for physical medical consultation or advice. We do not guarantee the accuracy and the completeness of the information so provided. The absence of any information and/or warning to any drug shall not be considered and assumed as an implied assurance of the Company. We do not take any responsibility for the consequences arising out of the aforementioned information and strongly recommend you for a physical consultation in case of any queries or doubts.

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