What is Methotrexate?
Methotrexate is one of the most effective drugs for treating inflammatory forms of arthritis and is widely used. Despite the misconception that methotrexate is extremely toxic, it is one of the best arthritis medications. Methotrexate interferes with the production of certain body cells, especially rapidly reproducing cells such as cancer cells, bone marrow cells, and skin cells. It is used for treating various types of cancer, including breast, skin, head and neck, lung, uterine, leukemia, and some other forms of cancer. Additionally, it treats severe psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis in adults, and active polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children.
Methotrexate Uses
Methotrexate treats severe psoriasis that cannot be controlled by other treatments. It is also used alongside physical therapy and sometimes with other medications for treating severe active rheumatoid arthritis that is unresponsive to certain drugs. Additionally, methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer, including cancers that begin in the tissues forming around a fertilized egg in the uterus, breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia.
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Get A Second OpinionMethotrexate Side Effects
Minor Side Effects:
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Swollen and tender gums
- Decreased appetite
- Red eyes
- Hair loss
Serious Side Effects:
- Blurred vision
- Seizures
- Weakness or difficulty in moving the body
- Loss of consciousness
Talk to your doctor if you experience serious side effects such as mouth sores, diarrhea, signs of anemia, signs of liver problems, easy bruising, and swollen lymph nodes.
How to Take Methotrexate
Methotrexate comes in the form of a tablet to be taken orally. The dosing schedule depends on the disease and how the body responds to the drug. Methotrexate is often taken on a rotating schedule that alternates between several days of taking the medication and several days or weeks of not taking it. For psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, it is typically taken once a week, starting with a low dose that gradually increases.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist right away for a new dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Overdose
An overdose of methotrexate can be accidental but can lead to serious health effects. Seek medical attention immediately if an overdose occurs.
Warnings for Serious Health Conditions
- Pregnancy: Methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. It should not be used during pregnancy.
- Breastfeeding: Methotrexate can pass into breast milk and may cause serious side effects in infants.
Storage
Store methotrexate at room temperature (68°F 77°F / 20°C 25°C).
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Book an AppointmentMethotrexate vs Folic Acid
| Methotrexate | Folic Acid |
|---|---|
| One of the most effective drugs for treating inflammatory forms of arthritis. | The synthetic source of folate, a naturally occurring B vitamin. |
| Used for treating severe psoriasis and various cancers. | Used to prevent and treat low folate levels and high homocysteine levels in the blood. |
Minor Side Effects:
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Common Side Effects:
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