What is Pilocarpine?
Pilocarpine is a cholinergic medication that mimics the effects of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger in the body. It is used to treat dry mouth caused by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that affects salivary and lacrimal glands.
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Get A Second OpinionPilocarpine Uses
Pilocarpine treats dry mouth symptoms due to:
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Radiation therapy for head/neck cancer
It works by stimulating nerves to increase saliva production, making it easier to speak and swallow.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Runny nose
- Diarrhea
- Chills
- Frequent urination
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Heartburn
- Stomach pain
- Swelling of arms, hands, and lower legs
Serious Side Effects:
- Change in vision
- Irregular heartbeat
- Blurred vision
Most people do not experience serious side effects. Consult your doctor if you experience any of the above serious side effects.
Precautions
Before taking Pilocarpine, inform your doctor if you have:
- Allergies to medications
- Breathing problems
- Glaucoma
- Night blindness
- Acute iritis
- Heart disease
- Low or high blood pressure
- Liver problems
- Gall bladder disease
- Kidney stones
- Stomach problems
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Book an AppointmentHow to Take Pilocarpine
Pilocarpine is taken orally, usually:
- Three times a day for radiation-induced dry mouth
- Four times daily for Sjögren's syndrome
Take it at the same time daily. If taken with food, the effect may be delayed. Effects last 3-5 hours.
Missed Dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose.
Overdose
Overdosing can lead to harmful effects such as:
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Yellowing of skin or eyes
- Dark urine
- Stomach pain
Seek medical attention if overdose occurs.
Warnings for Serious Health Conditions
- Pregnancy: The effects of pilocarpine during pregnancy are not well-studied. Discuss potential risks and benefits with your doctor.
- Diabetes: Pilocarpine can increase blood sugar levels.
- Breastfeeding: It is unclear if pilocarpine is secreted in significant amounts in breast milk. Consult your doctor before use.
Storage
Store at room temperature (68ºF to 77ºF / 20ºC to 25ºC). Keep away from heat, air, and light. Keep out of children's reach.
Pilocarpine vs Atropine
| Pilocarpine | Atropine |
|---|---|
| Cholinergic agonist, increases saliva production by stimulating nerves | Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic, naturally extracted from belladonna |
| Treats dry mouth due to Sjögren's syndrome or radiation therapy | Used before eye examinations and for certain eye conditions |
| Common Side Effects: Sweating, nausea, runny nose, diarrhea, chills, frequent urination | Common Side Effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, lack of sweating, dizziness |
