What is Trimethoprim?
Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, particularly bladder infections. It is also utilized for middle ear infections, travelers' diarrhea, and Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients when combined with sulfamethoxazole or dapsone. This medication is taken orally.
Trimethoprim Uses
Trimethoprim is prescribed to treat:
- Bladder infections
- Middle ear infections
- Travelers' diarrhea
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (in combination with other drugs)
It works by inhibiting bacterial growth. It is not effective against viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu).
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How to Take Trimethoprim
- Administration: Oral, with or without food
- Frequency: Usually once or twice daily
- Dosage: Based on the medical condition and response to treatment; in children, dosage is weight-dependent
- Liquid Form: Use a special measurement device or spoon; do not use a household spoon
For best results, take the antibiotic at evenly spaced intervals and continue until the prescribed course is completed, even if symptoms improve.
Trimethoprim Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Loss of appetite
- Changes in taste
- Headaches
Serious side effects to report immediately include:
- New symptoms of infection (e.g., persistent sore throat, fever)
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Pale skin, excessive tiredness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Mental/mood changes
- Persistent nausea/vomiting, dark urine, stomach pain, yellowing of eyes/skin (signs of liver disease)
- Stiff neck or severe headache
Note: Rarely, it can cause a severe intestinal condition (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea). Seek immediate medical attention if you experience persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, or blood/mucus in stool.
Precautions
Before taking Trimethoprim, inform your doctor if you have:
- Allergies to Trimethoprim or other medications
- Certain types of anemia (due to folate deficiency)
- Kidney or liver disease
- Vitamin (folate or folic acid) deficiency
- Blood disorders (e.g., bone marrow suppression, G6PD deficiency)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., high potassium, low sodium)
Special Considerations
- Sun Sensitivity: Limit sun exposure, use sunscreen, and wear protective clothing.
- Diabetes: Monitor blood sugar levels regularly.
- Older Adults: More susceptible to side effects, especially electrolyte imbalances and allergic reactions.
- Pregnancy: Not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects. Ensure adequate folic acid intake.
- Breastfeeding: Consult your doctor before use, as it passes into breast milk.
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Interactions
Trimethoprim can interact with:
Inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Overdose and Missed Dose
- Overdose: Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.
- Missed Dose: Take as soon as remembered unless it is near the time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Storage
- Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
- Keep out of reach of children.
- Do not dispose of medications in drains or toilets.
Trimethoprim vs. Methotrexate
