Splenectomy: Steps, Types and Recovery
A splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen, a small organ located under the left ribcage in the abdomen.. While the spleen plays various roles in the body, including filtering blood, storing platelets, and supporting the immune system, there are situations in which its removal becomes necessary.
The cost of spleen removal surgery can vary widely depending on the country, hospital, and whether the procedure is done via open or laparoscopic methods.
Indications of Splenectomy
Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is recommended in various medical conditions where the spleen is either damaged, diseased, or causing complications. The spleen plays a role in filtering blood and supporting the immune system, so its removal can have significant effects on the body. Here are some key splenectomy indications:
- Trauma: Severe abdominal trauma leading to splenic rupture, which cannot be repaired surgically.
- Splenic Diseases: Conditions like splenic abscesses, cysts, or tumors may require removal if they cause pain or are non-functional.
- Blood Disorders: Conditions such as hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, or autoimmune hemolytic anemia, where the spleen destroys healthy red blood cells, can lead to splenectomy.
- Hypersplenism: Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) causing excessive destruction of blood cells, which may lead to anemia or low platelet count.
- Infections: Chronic infections like malaria or certain types of sepsis may necessitate removal to reduce complications.
Secure your health with a second opinion. Make informed decisions and book your appointment today!
Get A Second OpinionSteps involved in Splenectomy
- Trauma or Rupture : A traumatic injury or rupture to the spleen, often resulting from a car accident or other impact, can cause severe internal bleeding and require immediate splenectomy.
- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) : ITP is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system destroys platelets, leading to bleeding disorders. Splenectomy may be considered when other treatments fail to raise platelet levels.
- Hereditary Spherocytosis : This genetic disorder causes red blood cells to have an abnormal spherical shape, which can lead to anemia, jaundice, and an enlarged spleen. Splenectomy can alleviate symptoms and improve red blood cell survival.
- Thalassemia : In severe cases of thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, an enlarged spleen may cause discomfort and anemia. Splenectomy might be performed to manage these complications.
- Sickle Cell Disease : An enlarged spleen and its potential complications, such as acute splenic sequestration crisis, may necessitate splenectomy in individuals with sickle cell disease.
- Hematologic Cancers : Certain blood cancers, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and some leukemias, might involve the spleen. In some cases, a splenectomy might be part of the treatment strategy.
- Splenomegaly : An enlarged spleen due to cirrhosis, infections (e.g., malaria), or other conditions might be surgically addressed if it causes discomfort, pain, or poses a risk to the patient's health.
- Hypersplenism : Hypersplenism is a condition where the spleen becomes overactive, removing blood cells from circulation prematurely. Splenectomy can correct this imbalance.
- Splenomegaly in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms : In certain bone marrow disorders like myelofibrosis or polycythemia vera, an enlarged spleen may contribute to symptoms. Splenectomy might be considered to improve quality of life.
- Abscess or Infarction : In cases of a large abscess (localized infection) within the spleen or infarction (tissue death) due to compromised blood flow, splenectomy may be necessary.
Types of Splenectomy
There are two primary types of splenectomy, each based on the approach used for the procedure. A spleen doctor specialist, typically a general surgeon or hematologist, will assess the best option based on the patient's condition.
Open Splenectomy
- Involves a larger incision in the abdomen to remove the spleen.
- Typically used in more complex cases or when the spleen is enlarged or diseased.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy
- A minimally invasive procedure using small incisions and a camera.
- Preferred for elective procedures as it typically leads to quicker recovery, less pain, and smaller scars.
Both types aim to remove the spleen but differ in surgical approach and recovery time. The choice of procedure depends on the patient's condition and the surgeon’s assessment.
Who will treat for Splenectomy
A splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is typically performed by a general surgeon or a trauma surgeon, depending on the reason for the procedure. In some cases, a pediatric surgeon may be involved for children, while a vascular surgeon or hematologist may provide care if the procedure is related to blood disorders.
- General Surgeon
- Trauma Surgeon
- Pediatric Surgeon
- Vascular Surgeon
- Hematologist
Splenectomy Complications
Splenectomy can lead to several complications, particularly due to the spleen’s role in immune function.
Key Complications:
- Infection: Increased risk of bacterial infections, particularly pneumococcal and meningococcal.
- Bleeding: Potential for bleeding during or after surgery.
- Blood Clots: Risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism.
- Damage to Nearby Organs: Risk of injury to organs like the stomach or pancreas.
- Sepsis: Serious infection spreading throughout the body.
Preventive measures include splenectomy vaccination and antibiotic use.
Ready to take control of your health journey? Book your appointment now and start your path towards wellness today!
Book an AppointmentRecovery after Splenectomy
Recovery after splenectomy involves a combination of rest, monitoring for complications, and following specific guidelines provided by the surgeon. After the surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days for observation, particularly if there are no complications. Recovery time can vary, but most people return to their normal activities within 4 to 6 weeks.
Key Aspects of Splenectomy Recovery:
- Hospital Stay: Usually 2–4 days for observation.
- Pain Management: Mild to moderate pain may require medication.
- Physical Activity: Gradual return to normal activities after 4–6 weeks.
- Follow-up Visits: Necessary to check for complications like infections or bleeding.
- Splenectomy Vaccination: Vaccinations are often recommended before or after surgery to prevent infections.
Post-splenectomy recovery can also involve additional measures, such as taking antibiotics or vaccines to protect against infections due to the spleen's role in the immune system.
Lifestyle changes after Splenectomy
After a splenectomy, certain lifestyle changes are necessary to support overall health, as the spleen plays a key role in immune function. Without the spleen, the body’s ability to fight infections is reduced, so patients must take extra precautions.
Important Lifestyle Changes:
- Splenectomy Vaccination: Stay up to date with vaccinations, including pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, as recommended by your doctor.
- Infection Prevention: Prompt treatment with antibiotics if an infection is suspected. It is important to seek medical attention quickly if any signs of infection appear.
- Regular Check-ups: Ongoing follow-up visits with your healthcare provider to monitor for complications or infections.
- Physical Activity: Avoid contact sports or high-risk activities for several months to reduce the chance of injury, as the absence of the spleen increases the risk of serious infections.
- Healthy Diet: A well-balanced diet to strengthen the immune system and overall health.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to maintain good hydration levels.
These lifestyle changes are important for splenectomy recovery and can help improve life expectancy after splenectomy by reducing the risk of complications
