A Comprehensive Guide On Hematuria

Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. It can be classified into two types:

Gross hematuria: When you notice blood in the urine.
Microscopic hematuria: When you cannot see the blood in the urinate, it may be detected under a microscope or identified with a urine test called a urinalysis.

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Causes of Hematuria

There are several potential causes of hematuria, including:

Kidney or bladder cancer
Infection of the bladder, kidney, prostate, or urethra
Inflammation of the bladder, urethra, prostate, or kidney (glomerulonephritis)
Injury to the bladder or kidney
Kidney or bladder stones
Kidney disease following strep throat (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis), a common cause in children
Kidney failure
Polycystic kidney disease
Recent urinary tract procedures such as catheterization, circumcision, surgery, or kidney biopsy
Bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia)
Blood clot in the kidneys
Blood-thinning medications (e.g., aspirin or warfarin)
Sickle cell disease
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Certain medications, beets, or other foods can also cause the urine to turn red.

Symptoms of Hematuria

Gross hematuria

Makes urine appear pink, red, or brown. It only takes a small amount of blood to cause this color change.

In most cases, gross hematuria does not cause pain or other symptoms. However, blood clots in the urine can lead to bladder or back pain and can be painful to pass during urination.

Microscopic hematuria

Does not affect the colour of urine and usually has no symptoms.

When to Consult a Doctor

It's important to consult a doctor when you notice blood in your urine for the first time or if you experience painful and frequent urination without visible blood.

Seek emergency help if you experience:

Difficulty urinating
Blood clots in the urine
Pink or red urine
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Frequent urination
Vomiting
Fever
Chills

Treatment

Treatment for hematuria depends on the underlying cause and may include:

Antibiotics for bacterial infections
Procedures to break up kidney or bladder stones
Medication to shrink an enlarged prostate
Medication, dialysis, or surgery for kidney disease
Cancer treatment, ranging from medication to surgery

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main cause of hematuria?

The main causes of hematuria include conditions affecting the kidneys, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney cancer, enlarged prostate, and certain medications or foods that can discolor urine.

What is the best treatment for hematuria?

The treatment for hematuria depends on its underlying cause. Antibiotics are often prescribed for urinary tract infections. Procedures such as lithotripsy may be used to break up kidney stones, while medications or surgery may be necessary for bladder or kidney conditions.

Is hematuria a symptom of UTI?

Yes, hematuria can be a symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI), especially if the infection spreads to the bladder or kidneys. However, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the three types of hematuria?

Hematuria can be classified into three types: gross hematuria, which is visible to the naked eye; microscopic hematuria, which can only be detected under a microscope or through a urine test; and exercise-induced hematuria, which occurs after strenuous physical activity.

What vitamin deficiency causes hematuria?

Vitamin K deficiency can cause hematuria due to its role in blood clotting. However, hematuria is more commonly associated with other medical conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or kidney disease.