An Overview of Itching

Skin Conditions:

• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Chronic skin condition causing red, itchy patches.
• Psoriasis: Autoimmune condition with scaly, itchy patches.
• Hives (Urticaria): Red, raised, itchy welts often due to an allergic reaction.
• Dry Skin (Xerosis): Common, especially in older adults or in cold, dry climates.

Allergic Reactions:

• Food Allergies: Itching may occur after consuming allergens like nuts, shellfish, or eggs.
• Medication Allergies: Certain drugs can cause itching as a side effect.
• Contact Dermatitis: Reaction to allergens like poison ivy, nickel, or cosmetics.

Infections:

• Fungal Infections: Athlete's foot, ringworm, or yeast infections.
• Parasitic Infections: Scabies, lice, or bed bugs.
• Bacterial Infections: Impetigo or Cellulitis.

Systemic Conditions:

• Liver Disease: Cholestasis or hepatitis can cause generalized itching.
• Kidney Disease: Chronic renal failure can lead to pruritus.
• Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can cause skin itching.

Neurological Disorders:

Neuropathic Itch: Due to nerve damage from conditions like diabetes or shingles.

Psychological Factors:

Stress or Anxiety: Can exacerbate or trigger itching.

Environmental Factors:

• Insect Bites: Mosquitoes, fleas, or bed bugs.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, or wool.

• Redness
• Swelling
• Rash or bumps
• Dry or flaky skin
• Blisters or sores (from scratching)
• Thickened or leathery skin (from chronic scratching)

• Severe itching: Intense itching that disrupts daily life or sleep.
• Persistent itching: Lasting more than two weeks despite self-care measures.
• Widespread itching: Affecting large areas of the body without an obvious cause.
• Associated symptoms: Such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or swollen lymph nodes.
• Signs of infection: Redness, warmth, pus, or increased pain around the itchy area.
• Underlying health conditions: If you have conditions like liver disease, kidney disease, or diabetes and notice new or worsening itching.

Topical Treatments:

• Moisturizers: To treat dry skin.
• Corticosteroid Creams: For inflammatory skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
• Antihistamine Creams: For allergic reactions or hives.
• Calamine Lotion: To soothe itching from insect bites or mild skin irritation.

Oral Medications:

• Antihistamines: For allergic reactions or generalized itching.
• Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation or allergic reactions.
• Antibiotics or Antifungals: For bacterial or fungal infections causing itching.
• Antidepressants or Anticonvulsants: For neuropathic itch.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies:

• Cool Compresses: To soothe itchy areas.
• Oatmeal Baths: To calm and moisturize the skin.
• Avoiding Triggers: Such as harsh soaps, wool, or known allergens.
• Maintaining Humidity: Using a humidifier in dry environments.

Treating Underlying Conditions:

• Proper management: of liver, kidney, or thyroid diseases.
• Addressing psychological factors: with stress management techniques or therapy.

• Primary Care Physician: For initial evaluation and treatment.
• Dermatologist: For skin-related causes and specialized treatments.
• Allergist: For suspected allergic reactions.
• Infectious Disease Specialist: For infections causing itching.
• Online Platforms: Use websites or apps to find and schedule an appointment with a local healthcare provider.