Neck Swelling: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Neck swelling occurs due to fluid accumulation or inflammation in the neck tissues. It can result from infections, injuries, or medical procedures. Benign skin conditions may cause small areas of swelling. Swollen lymph nodes often indicate viral or bacterial infections. An enlarged thyroid gland can also cause neck swelling. In rare cases, swelling may be a sign of cancer.
Small glands called lymph nodes filter lymph, a clear fluid in the lymphatic system. They swell in response to infections and tumors. Lymph fluid moves through channels in the body similar to blood vessels. Lymph nodes store white blood cells, which help kill invading pathogens.
Treatment may not be necessary in mild cases of neck swelling. If neck swelling is bothersome, over-the-counter medications, such as anti-inflammatories, pain relievers, or cold compresses, can help reduce discomfort and swelling.
What Causes Neck Swelling?
Swelling near the neck is usually caused by diseases such as:
- Ear infection
- Cold or flu
- Sinus infection
- HIV infection
- Infected tooth
- Mononucleosis (mono)
- Skin infection
- Strep throat
- Allergies
- Thyroid
More severe conditions can also cause widespread lymph node swelling:
- Immune system disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
- Cancer that spreads through the body, including lymphoma
- Medications and allergic reactions, such as anti-seizure and antimalarial drugs
- Sexually transmitted infections like syphilis or gonorrhea, which can cause swelling in the groin area
Swelling of lymph nodes is often an indicator of these conditions. When cancer spreads to lymph nodes, it can decrease survival rates.
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Get A Second OpinionWhat are the Symptoms of Neck Swelling?
- Visible Enlargement: Noticeable swelling or bulging in the neck area, often accompanied by discomfort or tightness.
- Tenderness or Pain: Sensitivity or pain when touching the swollen area of the neck, especially when moving or swallowing.
- Restricted Movement: Difficulty while moving the neck or turning the head due to swelling and stiffness.
- Redness or Warmth: The skin over the swollen area may appear red or feel warm to the touch, indicating inflammation or infection.
- Difficulty Swallowing: Swelling in the neck can sometimes cause difficulty while swallowing or a sensation of pressure in the throat.
- Voice Changes: Hoarseness or changes in voice may occur due to pressure on the vocal cords from swollen tissues.
- Lump Formation: In some cases, neck swelling and pain may be accompanied by the formation of a palpable lump or mass, which requires medical evaluation.
What is the Diagnosis of Neck Swelling?
Your doctor will start by reviewing your medical history and performing a physical exam. Based on the swelling's location, they may recommend the following tests:
- Blood test
- X-rays
- Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves are used by your doctor to see what is happening inside your body.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan: A powerful magnet and radio waves are used to develop detailed images of your organs and tissues.
- A biopsy is a term used to describe the phase of lymph node tissue removal and examination under a microscope.
- PET scan: Tests chemical activity in parts of your body. It can help identify a variety of conditions, such as some cancers, heart problems, and brain disorders. This is done less frequently.
- Computed tomography: A series of X-rays taken from different angles are combined to form a more complete image.
What is the Treatment for Neck Swelling?
Swollen lymph nodes may decrease in size on their own without treatment. Sometimes, doctors monitor them without intervention. Treatment options include:
- Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications: Prescribed for infections causing swollen lymph nodes.
- Pain Relief: Medications like aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil) can help with pain and inflammation.
- Cancer Treatment: Swollen lymph nodes due to cancer may require:
- Surgery: To remove tumors and affected lymph nodes.
- Chemotherapy: To shrink tumors.
The underlying cause determines the specific treatment approach.
What are the Ways to Prevent Neck Swelling?
To prevent neck swelling:
- Maintain good posture to avoid strain on the neck.
- Stay hydrated to prevent fluid retention.
- Avoid infections through good hygiene and timely medical care.
- Manage allergies to reduce inflammation.
- Avoid neck strain from heavy lifting or sudden movements.
- Treat underlying conditions like thyroid issues or infections.
- Quit smoking to reduce inflammation risk.
- Use cold or warm compresses for muscle relaxation.
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Book an AppointmentWhen to visit a Doctor?
Most neck swelling reduces and disappears within 2 to 3 weeks after an infection is resolved. If swelling persists beyond this time, consider visiting an ENT specialist.
Reasons to see a doctor include:
- A lymph node that feels stiff or rubbery
- A node that does not move freely
- A node with a diameter of 1 inch or more
- Swollen lymph nodes accompanied by night sweats, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or high fever
What are some Home Remedies for Neck Swelling?
If the neck swelling and pain are caused by something serious, they will go away on their own. A few things can help with any discomfort while you wait for it to run its course:
- Warm compress: A washcloth rinsed in hot water and placed on the painful area can help relieve pain.
- Rest: Getting a good night's rest can help you get over a minor illness faster.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen can make you feel better. (Talk to your doctor before giving aspirin to children or teens.)
